{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:41:45Z","timestamp":1790383305482,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,13]],"date-time":"2020-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Translational Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Omiganan (OMN; a synthetic cationic peptide) and imiquimod (IMQ; a TLR7 agonist) have synergistic effects on interferon responses <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. The objective of this study was to translate this to a human model for proof\u2010of\u2010concept, and to explore the potential of OMN add\u2010on treatment for viral skin diseases. Sixteen healthy volunteers received topical IMQ, OMN, or a combination of both for up to 4\u00a0days on tape\u2010stripped skin. Skin inflammation was quantified by laser speckle contrast imaging and 2D photography, and molecular and cellular responses were analyzed in biopsies. IMQ treatment induced an inflammatory response of the skin. Co\u2010treatment with OMN enhanced this inflammatory response to IMQ, with increases in perfusion (+17.1%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.6%\u201330%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01) and erythema (+1.5; 95% CI 0.25%\u20132.83; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02). Interferon regulatory factor\u2010driven and NF\u03baB\u2010driven responses following TLR7 stimulation were enhanced by OMN (increases in IL\u20106, IL\u201010, MXA, and IFN\u0263), and more immune cell infiltration was observed (in particular CD4+, CD8+, and CD14+ cells). These findings are in line with the earlier mechanistic <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> data, and support evaluation of imiquimod\/OMN combination therapy in human papillomavirus\u2010induced skin diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.12741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]],"date-time":"2020-02-11T02:39:03Z","timestamp":1581388743000},"page":"573-579","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Omiganan Enhances Imiquimod\u2010Induced Inflammatory Responses in Skin of Healthy Volunteers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Tessa","family":"Niemeyer\u2010van der Kolk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Drug Research Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salma","family":"Assil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Drug Research Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas P.","family":"Buters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Drug Research Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Rijsbergen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Drug Research Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0089-1846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erica S.","family":"Klaassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Drug Research Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Feiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cutanea Life Science Wayne Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edwin","family":"Florencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Errol P.","family":"Prens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacobus","family":"Burggraaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Drug Research Leiden The Netherlands"},{"name":"Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research Leiden The Netherlands"},{"name":"Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martijn B.A.","family":"van Doorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Rissmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Drug Research Leiden The Netherlands"},{"name":"Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research Leiden The Netherlands"},{"name":"Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthijs","family":"Moerland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Drug Research Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-012-1997-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12942"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20090480"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01475-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn074"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni758"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0631696100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.08265.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200767150-00006"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","first-page":"CD010389","article-title":"Imiquimod for anogenital warts in non\u2010immunocompromised adults","author":"Grillo\u2010Ardila C.F.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. 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