{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:11:37Z","timestamp":1790878297938,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]],"date-time":"2020-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 ND069038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 ND069038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Translational Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There is limited evidence to support pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing in children. We conducted a retrospective review of PGx testing among 452 patients at an academic children\u2019s hospital to determine the potential utility of PGx in diseases of childhood and to identify targets for future pediatric pharmacogenetic research. An actionable gene\u2010drug pair associated with the 28 genes tested (Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) level A or B, Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base (PharmGKB) level 1A or B, or US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommendation and a PharmGKB level) was present in 98.7% of patients. We identified 203 actionable gene\u2010drug\u2010diagnosis groups based on the indications for each actionable drug listed in Lexicomp. Among patients with an actionable gene\u2010drug\u2010diagnosis group, 49.3% had a diagnosis where the drug was a therapeutic option and PGx could be used to guide treatment selection. Among patients with an associated diagnosis, 30.9% had a prescription for the actionable drug allowing PGx guided dosing. Three genes (<jats:italic>CYP2C19<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>CYP2D6<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>CYP3A5<\/jats:italic>) accounted for all the gene\u2010drug\u2010diagnosis groups with matching diagnoses and prescriptions. The most common gene\u2010drug\u2010diagnosis groups with matching diagnoses and prescriptions were <jats:italic>CYP2C19<\/jats:italic>\u2010citalopram\u2010escitalopram\u2010depression 3.3% of patients tested; <jats:italic>CYP2C19<\/jats:italic>\u2010dexlansoprazole\u2010gastritis\u2010esophagitis 3.1%; <jats:italic>CYP2C19<\/jats:italic>\u2010omeprazole\u2010gastritis\u2010esophagitis 2.4%; <jats:italic>CYP2D6<\/jats:italic>\u2010atomoxetine\u2010attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 2.2%; and <jats:italic>CYP2C19<\/jats:italic>\u2010citalopram\u2010escitalopram\u2010obsessive\u2010compulsive disorder 1.5%. PGx could be used to guide selection of current treatment options or medication dosing in almost half (48.7%) of pediatric patients tested. Mood disorders and gastritis\/esophagitis are promising targets for future study of PGx testing because of the high prevalence of these diagnoses and associated actionable gene\u2010drug pairs in the pediatric population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.12895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]],"date-time":"2020-10-13T19:08:36Z","timestamp":1602616116000},"page":"412-421","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Retrospective Review of Pharmacogenetic Testing at an Academic Children\u2019s Hospital"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Timothy A.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Adolescent Medicine Children\u2019s Mercy Kansas City  Kansas City Missouri USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics UMKC School of Medicine  Kansas City Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics UMKC School of Medicine  Kansas City Missouri USA"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology Toxicology, and Therapeutic Innovation Children\u2019s Mercy Kansas City  Kansas City Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy","family":"Sandritter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology Toxicology, and Therapeutic Innovation Children\u2019s Mercy Kansas City  Kansas City Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin T.","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics UMKC School of Medicine  Kansas City Missouri USA"},{"name":"Division of Developmental and Behavioral Health Children\u2019s Mercy Kansas City  Kansas City Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Gaedigk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics UMKC School of Medicine  Kansas City Missouri USA"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology Toxicology, and Therapeutic Innovation Children\u2019s Mercy Kansas City  Kansas City Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephani L.","family":"Stancil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Adolescent Medicine Children\u2019s Mercy Kansas City  Kansas City Missouri USA"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology Toxicology, and Therapeutic Innovation Children\u2019s Mercy Kansas City  Kansas City Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31276-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2010.279"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2012.96"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-017-1412-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40246-019-0229-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-019-1342-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.1035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146262"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2381468319864337"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s10038-020-0723-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm7040014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"Lexicomp Online Pediatric and Neonatal Lexi\u2010Drugs Online. 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