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We aim to investigate the association between pre\u2010operative polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications and the development of POD\/POCD in elderly patients. This investigation is part of the European BioCog project (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.biocog.eu\">www.biocog.eu<\/jats:ext-link>), a prospective multicenter observational study with elderly surgical patients. Patients with a Mini\u2010Mental State Examination score less than or equal to 23 points were excluded. POD was assessed up to 7\u00a0days after surgery using the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale, Confusion Assessment Method (for the intensive care unit [ICU]), and a patient chart review. POCD was assessed 3\u00a0months after surgery with a neuropsychological test battery. Pre\u2010operative long\u2010term medication was evaluated in terms of polypharmacy (\u22655 agents) and potentially inappropriate medication (defined by the PRISCUS and European list of potentially inappropriate medications [EU(7)\u2010PIM] lists), and associations with POD and POCD were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. Eight hundred thirty\u2010seven participants were included for analysis of POD and 562 participants for POCD. Of these, 165 patients (19.7%) fulfilled the criteria of POD and 60 (10.7%) for POCD. After adjusting for confounders, pre\u2010operative polypharmacy and intake of potentially inappropriate medications could not be shown to be associated with the development of POD nor POCD. We found no associations between pre\u2010operative polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications and development of POD and POCD. Future studies should focus on the evaluation of drug interactions to determine whether patients benefit from a pre\u2010operative adjustment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.13031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,2]],"date-time":"2021-05-02T08:34:36Z","timestamp":1619944476000},"page":"1830-1840","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Preoperative medication use and development of postoperative delirium and cognitive dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Heinrich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK) Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Berlin Institute of Health at Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Nottbrock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK) Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Friedrich","family":"Borchers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK) Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudolf","family":"M\u00f6rgeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK) Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jochen","family":"Kruppa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Berlin Institute of Health at Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Informatics Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Winterer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK) Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Pharmaimage Biomarker Solutions GmbH Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) Charit\u00e9 \u2010 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arjen J. 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