{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T13:36:11Z","timestamp":1759412171354},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]],"date-time":"2021-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Translational Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This review describes the evidence for the potential benefit of vitamin D supplementation in people with respiratory diseases who may have a higher susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) infection and its consequences. Clinical evidence indicates that vitamin D may reduce the risk of both upper and lower respiratory tract infections and offers benefit particularly in people with vitamin D deficiency. Some evidence exists for a higher incidence of active tuberculosis (TB) in patients who are deficient in vitamin D. An association between low levels of 25(OH)D (the active form of vitamin D) and COVID\u201019 severity of illness and mortality has also been reported. In addition, low 25(OH)D levels are associated with poor outcomes in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The cytokine storm experienced in severe COVID\u201019 infections results from excessive release of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines. Due to its immunomodulatory effects, adequate vitamin D levels may cause a decrease in the pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines and an increase in the anti\u2010inflammatory cytokines during COVID\u201019 infections. Vitamin D deficiency was found in 82.2% of hospitalized COVID\u201019 cases and 47.2% of population\u2010based controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001). The available evidence warrants an evaluation of vitamin D supplementation in susceptible populations with respiratory diseases, such as TB, and particularly in those who are deficient in vitamin D. This may mitigate against serious complications of COVID\u201019 infections or reduce the impact of ARDS in those who have been infected.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.13044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T12:58:02Z","timestamp":1622465882000},"page":"2111-2116","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Potential benefit of vitamin D supplementation in people with respiratory illnesses, during the COVID\u201019 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Vasudevan V.","family":"Chetty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GSK Consumer Health Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manoranjenni","family":"Chetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu Natal Durban South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Ritchie H Ortiz\u2010Ospina E Beltekian Det al. Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID\u201019) \u2013 Statistics and Research. 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