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We aimed to systematically review the prognostic value of pleural effusion in patients with cancer. We performed a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis with a systematic literature search. All cohort studies with available overall survival (OS) and progression\u2010free survival (PFS) results for patients with cancer with or without pleural effusion were included. The Mantel\u2013Haenszel method was used to calculate the pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity and publication bias were examined. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed. A total of 47 studies with 146,117 patients were included in the analysis. For OS, pleural effusion was a prognostic factor associated with a poor prognosis for patients with cancer (HR, 1.58, 95% CI, 1.43\u20131.75; <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> 94.8%). In the subgroup analysis, pleural effusion was a prognostic factor associated with poor survival for patients with lung cancer (HR, 1.44, 95% CI, 1.35\u20131.54; <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> 60.8%), hematological cancer (HR, 2.79, 95% CI, 1.63\u20134.77; <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> 29.4%) and other types of cancer (HR, 2.08, 95% CI, 1.43\u20133.01; <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> 55.1%). For PFS, pleural effusion was a prognostic factor associated with a poor prognosis for patients with cancer (HR, 1.61, 95% CI, 1.28\u20132.03; <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> 42.9%). We also observed that massive pleural effusion was a prognostic factor associated with a poorer prognosis compared to minimal pleural effusion. Pleural effusion had prognostic value in both OS and PFS of patients with cancer, except for patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma, regardless of whether the malignant effusion was confirmed histologically or cytologically. However, future evidence of other pleural effusion characteristics is still needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.13260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T10:44:08Z","timestamp":1645785848000},"page":"1340-1354","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Prognostic impact of pleural effusion in patients with malignancy: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao\u2010Yang Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Beijing Institute of 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