{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T15:44:37Z","timestamp":1783525477409,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]],"date-time":"2022-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Translational Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Differentiating patients with Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome (SS)\u2010associated dry eye from non\u2010SS dry eye is critical for monitoring and appropriate management of possible sight\u2010 or life\u2010threatening extraglandular complications associated with SS. We tested whether reduced tear levels of immunoregulatory thrombospondin (TSP)\u20101, which also inhibits matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)\u20109, would reflect SS pathogenesis aiding the identification of patients with SS\u2010dry eye. Total of 61 participants, including healthy controls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a020), patients with non\u2010SS dry eye (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a020) and SS\u2010dry eye (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a021) were enrolled prospectively. Tear TSP\u20101 and MMP\u20109 levels were measured using a custom magnetic bead\u2010based multi\u2010plex assay in a masked manner. Analyte concentrations were assessed further according to ocular surface and tear film parameters. Relative to median tear TSP\u20101 (308\u2009ng\/ml) and MMP\u20109 (1.9\u00a0ng\/ml) levels in the control group, significantly higher proportion of patients with SS\u2010dry eye than non\u2010SS had lower tear TSP\u20101 levels (55% vs. 29%, odds ratio [OR]\u00a0=\u00a03, 95% confidence interval [CI]\u00a0=\u00a01.64 to 5.35, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and higher tear MMP\u20109 levels (65% vs. 24%, OR\u00a0=\u00a05.8, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a04.46 to 19.81, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), respectively. The tear TSP\u20101\/MMP\u20109 ratio was significantly reduced in patients with SS\u2010dry eye compared to non\u2010SS (<jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22122.36, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a0\u22123.94 to \u22120.0.79, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), regardless of tear MMP\u20109 levels. Patients with a lower ratio were 2.3 times more likely to have SS (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.28, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.1 to 0.75, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). This ratio showed significant inverse correlations with clinical parameters (conjunctival and corneal staining scores). Our results denote that tear TSP\u20101\/MMP\u20109 ratio can be useful in identifying patients with dry eye with underlying SS and used as a screening test.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.13316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T03:58:57Z","timestamp":1653451137000},"page":"1999-2009","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Reduced tear thrombospondin\u20101\/matrix metalloproteinase\u20109 ratio can aid in detecting Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome etiology in patients with dry eye"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8612-0617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharmila","family":"Masli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Boston University School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esen K.","family":"Akpek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocular Surface Diseases and Dry Eye Clinic, The Wilmer Eye Institute The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland 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