{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T14:05:26Z","timestamp":1778767526055,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Translational Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Myopia is the leading cause of low vision worldwide and can lead to significant pathological complications. Therefore, to improve patient outcomes, the field continues to develop novel interventions for this visual disorder. Accordingly, this first\u2010in\u2010human study reports on the safety profile of a novel dopamine\u2010based ophthalmic treatment for myopia, levodopa\/carbidopa eye drops. This phase I, first\u2010in\u2010human, monocenter, placebo\u2010controlled, double\u2010blind, paired\u2010eye, multidose, randomized clinical trial was undertaken in healthy adult males aged 18\u201330 years (mean age 24.9\u2009\u00b1\u20092.7) at the University of Canberra Eye Clinic, Australia. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either a low (1.4 levodopa:0.34 carbidopa [\u03bcmoles\/day], <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a014) or standard dose (2.7 levodopa:0.68 carbidopa [\u03bcmoles\/day], <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a015) of levodopa\/carbidopa eye drops in one eye and placebo in the fellow eye once daily for 4\u2009weeks (28\u2009days). Over this 4\u2010week trial, and after a 4\u2010month follow\u2010up visit, levodopa\/carbidopa treatment had no significant effect on ocular tolerability and anterior surface integrity, visual function, ocular health, refraction\/ocular biometry, and did not induce any non\u2010ocular adverse events. These results indicate that topical levodopa\/carbidopa is safe and tolerable to the eye, paving the way for future studies on the efficacy of this novel ophthalmic formulation in the treatment of human myopia. The findings of this study have implications not only for the treatment of myopia, but in a number of other visual disorders (i.e., amblyopia, diabetic retinopathy, and age\u2010related macular degeneration) in which levodopa has been identified as a potential clinical intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.13392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T05:44:17Z","timestamp":1665553457000},"page":"2673-2684","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The safety and tolerability of levodopa eye drops for the treatment of ocular disorders: A randomized first\u2010in\u2010human study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2272-2800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate","family":"Thomson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Technology University of Canberra  Canberra Australian 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