{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T13:50:29Z","timestamp":1786715429651,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Translational Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sustained exposure to acetaldehyde, the major metabolite of ethanol, may influence psychomotor performance even after the breath ethanol level significantly drops several hours following ethanol consumption. We examined the relationship between psychomotor function and changes in exhaled ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations after consuming a low dose (0.33\u2009g\/kg) of barley shochu, a traditional Japanese distilled alcohol beverage, at the point when the exhaled ethanol concentrations dropped below 78,000 parts per billion (0.15\u2009mg\/L), the standard threshold for driving under the influence of alcohol in Japan. We assessed how the genetic polymorphisms of rs671 G\/G homozygous (<jats:italic>*1\/*1<\/jats:italic>) and G\/A heterozygous (<jats:italic>*1\/*2<\/jats:italic>) of <jats:italic>ALDH2<\/jats:italic> influenced the kinetics of ethanol and acetaldehyde in exhaled air and psychomotor dynamics using the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), Critical Flicker Fusion Test (CFFT), and visual analogue scale (VAS) up to 12\u2009h after shochu or water intake. There was no significant difference in DSST and CFFT scores depending on genotype; however, the time required for the DSST to attain the level prior to drinking was longer in the <jats:italic>ALDH2 *1\/*2<\/jats:italic> group than in the <jats:italic>*1\/*1<\/jats:italic> group. In the VAS test, facial flushing and mood elevation tended to be higher in the <jats:italic>*1\/*2<\/jats:italic> group after shochu consumption. VAS scores for mood elevation and facial flushing correlated with acetaldehyde concentration in exhaled breath. These results indicate that DSST recovery tends to be slower and mood elevation higher in the <jats:italic>ALDH2 *1\/*2<\/jats:italic> group even when exposed to a low dose of alcohol.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.13482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T10:41:02Z","timestamp":1675766462000},"page":"686-693","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Association between psychomotor function and <i>ALDH2<\/i> genotype after consuming barley shochu: A randomized crossover trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8006-5669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keiko","family":"Matsuura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine Oita University  Oita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Kushio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanwa Research and Development Laboratory Sanwa Shurui Co.  Oita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7805-1180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiromitsu","family":"Imai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine Oita University  Oita Japan"},{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology Center Oita University Hospital  Oita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideo","family":"Kudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine Oita University  Oita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirokazu","family":"Wakuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology Center Oita University Hospital  Oita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoyuki","family":"Otani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine Oita University  Oita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masae","family":"Kuranari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Clinical Research Center Oita University Hospital  Oita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ai","family":"Sekiguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine Oita University  Oita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuji","family":"Ohyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Center Kurume University  Kurume Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoto","family":"Uemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology Center Oita University Hospital  Oita Japan"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine Oita University  Oita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"Biology, genetics, and environment underlying factors influencing alcohol metabolism","volume":"38","author":"Wall TL","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alcohol Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-800213-1.00035-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.8.1219"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"1227","article-title":"Alcohol flushing, alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase genotypes, and risk for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Japanese men","volume":"12","author":"Yokoyama T","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers 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