{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T05:42:14Z","timestamp":1784612534724,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Translational Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tacrolimus (TAC) and mycophenolic acid (MPA) provide maintenance immunosuppression and is dosed empirically in elderly kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) resulting in health inequities. Limited immunosuppressive pharmacokinetics are available comparing adult ages. This secondary analysis compared TAC and MPA pharmacokinetics and adverse effects (AEs) among young, middle\u2010aged, and elderly Black and White KTRs. The 12\u2010h TAC and MPA pharmacokinetics with AE evaluation were conducted in 67 stable\u00a0KTRs greater than or equal to 6 months post\u2010transplant. TAC regimens were adjusted to target troughs. MPA regimens were adjusted using clinical response. Participants were: young: less than or equal to 40\u2009years; middle age: greater than 40 to 60\u2009years, and elderly greater than 60\u2009years. Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis determined area under the concentration\u2010time curve 0\u201312\u2009h (AUC<jats:sub>0\u201012h<\/jats:sub>), clearance (CL), and CL\/body mass index (BMI) with 0\u2010h troughs. MPA enterohepatic recirculation (EHR), MPA\u2010AUC<jats:sub>6\u201012h<\/jats:sub>\/MPA\u2010AUC<jats:sub>0\u201012h<\/jats:sub>, and MPA glucuronide (MPAG)\u2010AUC<jats:sub>0\u201012h<\/jats:sub>\/MPA\u2010AUC<jats:sub>0\u201012h<\/jats:sub> were determined. Univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted using SAS version 9.4. No group differences were noted for estimated glomerular filtration rate, MPA, and TAC doses. EHR was reduced in elderly with decreased MPA\u2010AUC<jats:sub>6\u201012h<\/jats:sub>\/MPA\u2010AUC<jats:sub>0\u201012h<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.049) and increased MPAG\u2010AUC<jats:sub>0\u201012h<\/jats:sub>\/MPA\u2010AUC<jats:sub>0\u201012h<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.036). MPA troughs (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.045) were reduced in the elderly. TAC CL\/BMI (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.043) was reduced in the elderly. For therapeutic MPA AUC<jats:sub>0\u201012h<\/jats:sub>: 30\u201360\u2009mg\u00b7h\/L, 34.3% KTRs achieved this target with 55.2% greater than the therapeutic range. 77.6% KTR were in the TAC AUC<jats:sub>0\u201012h<\/jats:sub> target: 100\u2013190\u2009ng\u00b7h\/mL and 19.4% were below this range with no age relationship. In 44% young, 26% middle\u2010age and 7.8% elderly subjects achieved target AUC<jats:sub>0\u201012h<\/jats:sub> for both medications (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.036). Neurologic AEs were manifested in the elderly (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.014). Immunosuppressive pharmacokinetics demonstrated age\u2010related differences with reduced TAC CL\/BMI and MPA EHR and increased neurologic AE in the elderly. This immunosuppressive regimen may require age\u2010adjusted individualization to optimize allograft function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.13495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,25]],"date-time":"2023-02-25T06:14:36Z","timestamp":1677305676000},"page":"861-871","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Age associations with tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics in stable Black and White kidney transplant recipients: Implications for health inequities"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2028-4998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathleen M.","family":"Tornatore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplantation Immunosuppressive Pharmacology Research Program, Translational Pharmacology Research Core, Department of Pharmacy Practice School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University at Buffalo  Buffalo New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University at Buffalo  Buffalo New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristopher","family":"Attwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Health Professions University at Buffalo  Buffalo New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rocco C.","family":"Venuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University at Buffalo  Buffalo New York USA"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Erie County Medical Center University at Buffalo  Buffalo New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University at Buffalo  Buffalo 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