{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T02:27:01Z","timestamp":1780885621081,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Translational Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Treatment adherence is an underestimated determinant of treatment success. Poor treatment adherence can also affect the efficacy of clinical trials. A combination of multiple adherence\u2010monitoring methods is required to ensure robustness. We investigated whether multiple adherence\u2010monitoring methods, including a novel smartwatch\u2010based monitoring method, would yield reliable and concordant results. In this open, randomized, decentralized clinical trial, vitamin D\u2010deficient individuals were randomized to an App \u2212 only group (an electronic medication diary) or an App + Watch group (i.e., App and smartwatch\u2010based monitoring) groups after a week run\u2010in period. The participants received vitamin D supplements (1000\u2009IU) for 12\u2009weeks (two consecutive periods of 6\u2009weeks) with two pill counts (at the sixth week) and biweekly blood samplings for serum 25(OH) vitamin D concentration. Adherence was assessed and compared between the methods. Sixteen participants were enrolled, of which 13 completed the study. Serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels comparably increased in both groups until the first 7\u2009weeks but trended higher in the App + Watch group in the second period. The number of doses recorded by the pill count and App did not differ significantly between the run\u2010in and Period 1 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.5534) but became significantly discrepant in Period 2 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0225). In contrast, the concordance for smartwatch\u2010based monitoring was consistent in either period (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.5898 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.5839, respectively). We explored multiple adherence\u2010monitoring methods in this pilot feasibility clinical study. Smartwatch\u2010based adherence monitoring may be an objective and sensitive method for measuring treatment adherence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.13594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T07:51:51Z","timestamp":1689666711000},"page":"1866-1875","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Exploration of smart adherence\u2010monitoring methods in vitamin D\u2010deficient patients: A pilot feasibility clinical study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1872-9954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ki Young","family":"Huh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1494-2432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hwiwon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"InHandPlus, Inc.  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1713-9194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"SeungHwan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0921-7225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyung\u2010Sang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2718-8758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyung Hwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Seoul National University 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