{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T15:31:41Z","timestamp":1779895901968,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,14]],"date-time":"2024-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Translational Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Unpredicted responses to sedatives and analgesics are common in critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation (MV) and may be attributed to genetic variation. Our primary aim was to investigate the association between the pharmacogenomic (PGx) variation and sedation outcomes. The secondary aim was to capture intensive care unit (ICU) participants' perceptions of PGx. This was a prospective, observational PGx association study. Adult ICU patients receiving acute MV and sedatives\/analgesics were enrolled. The number of altered PGx phenotypes in genes relevant to fentanyl, propofol, and midazolam (CYP2D6, CYP3A4\/5, COMT, OPRM1, and CYP2B6) were tested with logistic regression for association with achieving \u226560% and \u226570% of time within Richmond Agitation\u2010Sedation Scale (RASS) target range (0 to \u22122) in the first 24 and 48\u2009h of MV. Participants' perceptions of PGx testing and satisfaction with the return of PGx results were collected. Participants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200978) had a median of 2 altered PGx phenotypes. Fentanyl and propofol combination was the most frequently administered regimen. There were non\u2010significant associations of worse sedation outcomes with an increasing number of altered PGx phenotypes (i.e., adjusted odds ratio of achieving target RASS range\u2009=\u20090.46 to 0.96 for each altered phenotype increase at both 24 and 48\u2009h). Individuals participating in the post\u2010discharge survey had positive perceptions toward PGx. There were no associations between sedation outcomes and PGx variants in the studied 6 genes. Larger studies are needed to investigate the impact of these genes and to evaluate additional genes. ICU participants had positive attitudes and perceptions toward PGx.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.70107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,14]],"date-time":"2024-12-14T18:38:18Z","timestamp":1734201498000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pharmacogenomic variation and sedation outcomes during early intensive care unit admission: A pragmatic study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7266-9980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moataz E.","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tam T.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jared","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy M Health Fairview  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Schwake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy M Health Fairview  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary","family":"Rivers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greg","family":"Beilman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Medicine University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debra J.","family":"Skaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4145-7045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pamala A.","family":"Jacobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"The Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) Website. 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