{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T17:53:15Z","timestamp":1785779595697,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004071","name":"Khon Kaen University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Translational Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Maternal cell contamination (MCC) in fetal specimens poses a major risk for misdiagnosis in prenatal genetic testing. Standard variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis of the thyroid peroxidase (\n                    <jats:italic>TPO<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) gene intron 10 is informative for MCC detection but traditionally requires DNA extraction, limiting its use in resource\u2010limited laboratories. This study aimed to develop and validate a direct PCR\u2010based VNTR assay for MCC detection without DNA extraction. Leftover whole blood and amniotic fluid specimens from 90 families undergoing prenatal diagnosis for severe thalassemia were analyzed, with white blood cell and amniotic fluid pellets directly subjected to PCR amplification of the\n                    <jats:italic>TPO<\/jats:italic>\n                    intron 10 VNTR locus using a high\u2010pH buffer to overcome PCR inhibitors. The direct PCR results were compared with standard DNA\u2010based VNTR analysis in a blinded study, and VNTR heterozygosity at the\n                    <jats:italic>TPO<\/jats:italic>\n                    locus was also assessed in 148 unrelated Thai individuals to evaluate marker informativeness. Among 253 specimens, informative VNTR patterns were observed in 65 families (72.2%), with MCC ruled out in 64 families (71.1%) and detected in 1 family (1.1%). Uninformative VNTR patterns occurred in 25 families (27.8%) due to maternal homozygosity or similarity between maternal and fetal VNTRs. Direct PCR showed 100% concordance with standard DNA\u2010based VNTR analysis. The heterozygosity rate of the\n                    <jats:italic>TPO<\/jats:italic>\n                    intron 10 VNTR was 87.8% among unrelated Thai individuals, supporting its suitability for routine MCC screening. The developed direct PCR protocol is a practical, rapid, and reliable tool for MCC detection, streamlining laboratory workflows and ensuring accurate prenatal diagnosis in low\u2010resource settings.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.70474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T03:44:32Z","timestamp":1768794272000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Direct\n                    <scp>PCR<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Based\n                    <scp>VNTR<\/scp>\n                    Analysis of\n                    <i>TPO<\/i>\n                    Intron 10\u00a0for\u00a0Rapid Detection of Maternal Cell Contamination in\u00a0Prenatal Diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3941-9370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phongsathorn","family":"Wichian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4963-7001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Apisit","family":"Pattrakorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Science Program, Graduate School Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9142-5079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Supan","family":"Fucharoen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9211-9962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hataichanok","family":"Srivorakun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8970-949X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simaporn","family":"Prommetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5887-4216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Supawadee","family":"Yamsri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2016.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.32.1.61"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"397","article-title":"A Hypervariable Microsatellite Revealed by In\u00a0Vitro Amplification of a Dinucleotide Repeat Within the Cardiac Muscle Actin Gene","volume":"44","author":"Litt M.","year":"1989","journal-title":"American Journal of Human 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