{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T03:08:43Z","timestamp":1779073723751,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020481","name":"Shahid Beheshti University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IRCT20151226025699N6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IRCT20151226025699N6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020481","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Translational Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is closely associated with systemic inflammation. This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effects of omega\u20103 fatty acids supplementation on inflammatory markers in patients with CKD undergoing hemodialysis. Eligible participants with CKD receiving hemodialysis were randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group received three capsules of omega\u20103 fatty acids (3\u2009g\/day) for two months, while the control group received placebo capsules containing medium\u2010chain triglyceride (MCT) oil. Inflammatory markers, including C\u2010reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin\u20106 (IL\u20106), were measured both before and after the interventions. The results showed that CRP levels increased from 9.86\u2009\u00b1\u200912.64 to 11.46\u2009\u00b1\u200922.23\u2009mg\/L in the intervention group and from 5.24\u2009\u00b1\u20099.01 to 5.61\u2009\u00b1\u20097.93\u2009mg\/L in the control group (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.11). Similarly, IL\u20106 levels increased from 17.84\u2009\u00b1\u200914.08 to 81.82\u2009\u00b1\u200966.22\u2009pg\/mL in the intervention group and from 14.96\u2009\u00b1\u200918.41 to 56.73\u2009\u00b1\u2009115.45\u2009pg\/mL in the control group (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.53). No statistically significant group differences were observed after adjusting for confounders such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking, dietary intake, and pre\u2010existing diseases. The study findings showed that a two\u2010month intake of omega\u20103 fatty acids supplements did not have a significant impact on reducing the levels of inflammatory markers in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis. Larger trials with longer durations are warranted.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n \n \n Study Highlights<\/jats:title>\n <\/jats:caption>\n \n \n \n \n What is the Current Knowledge on the Topic?\n \n \n Omega\u20103 fatty acids have anti\u2010inflammatory properties and are reported to be potentially beneficial in reducing inflammation associated with CKD, but the evidence regarding the effectiveness of omega\u20103 supplements in reducing inflammatory markers in this population remains inconsistent.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n What Question did this Study Address?\n \n \n What is the effect of omega\u20103 fatty acids supplementation for 2 months on CRP and IL\u20106 levels in patients with CKD undergoing hemodialysis?<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n What Does This Study Add to Our Knowledge?\n \n \n Contrary to previous studies, this study found that omega\u20103 fatty acids supplementation did not significantly reduce CRP or IL\u20106 levels compared with placebo over 2 months and that short\u2010term supplementation is not sufficient to reduce systemic inflammation in hemodialysis patients.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n \n How Might this Change Clinical Pharmacology or Translational Science?\n \n \n These findings suggest that short\u2010term omega\u20103 fatty acids supplementation may not be sufficient in reducing inflammatory markers in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis and highlight the need for larger\u2010scale clinical trials with different doses and longer durations to investigate nutritional or pharmacological strategies.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:boxed-text>\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.70531","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T03:22:47Z","timestamp":1777346567000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Modulation of Inflammatory Indices by Omega\u20103 Fatty Acids\u00a0Supplementation in Hemodialysis: A Clinical Trial Approach"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Hanieh","family":"Shafaei Kachaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery Guilan University of Medical Sciences Rasht Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khadijeh","family":"Abbasi Mobarakrh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Azaryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Zahedan Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahdieh","family":"Torkaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Akhtar Hospital Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seyed Ali","family":"Askarpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asma Rajabi","family":"Harsini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh Sadat","family":"Fahimzad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Mousavi Mele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marziyeh","family":"Hoseinzadeh Liavoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Guilan University of Medical Sciences Rasht Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neda","family":"Masoomi Golujeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Guilan University of Medical Sciences Rasht Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanaz","family":"Ataie Kashki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Guilan University of Medical Sciences Rasht Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"khoshdooz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Research Center, Razi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Guilan University of Medical Sciences Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1337-4963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saeid","family":"Doaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masoud","family":"Khosravi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Research Center, Razi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Guilan University of Medical Sciences Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Gholamalizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.88"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30699\/ajnmc.27.1.45"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm7120493"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000479254"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","first-page":"126","article-title":"Omega\u20103 in Patients Undergoing Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis, Effects on Inflammatory Markers and Lipid Profile","volume":"14","author":"Ziaie 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