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Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)\u2010derived secretomes have gained attention for their antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of MSC\u2010derived secretomes against urinary\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    isolates. The secretomes derived from adipose tissue (AD\u2010MSCs), bone marrow (BM\u2010MSCs), and umbilical cord (UC\u2010MSCs) were tested against 50\u2009\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    clinical strains isolated from urine, including extended\u2010spectrum\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010lactamase (ESBL)\u2010, AmpC\u2010, and carbapenem\u2010resistant (CRE) strains. This secretome inhibited 68% of isolates overall, including 81.5% of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    (non\u2010ESBL, non\u2010AmpC, non\u2010CRE), 46.7% of ESBL\u2010, and 100% of AmpC\u2010producing isolates, but showed no effect on CRE isolates. Genotypic analysis revealed that all ESBL\u2010producing isolates (100%) harbored the\n                    <jats:italic>blaSHV<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene and expressed the\n                    <jats:italic>fimH<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>wabG<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>uge<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>ureA<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>entB<\/jats:italic>\n                    virulence factors. These findings demonstrate, for the first time, the antibacterial potential of three distinct MSC secretome sources against\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , highlighting their promise as a novel adjunctive therapy for drug\u2010resistant UTIs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.70630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T09:20:03Z","timestamp":1781169603000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome Against\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    in Urinary Tract 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