{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:50:09Z","timestamp":1792173009129,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Translational Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a debilitating hereditary hematologic disorder characterized by severe physical complications, including painful vaso\u2010occlusive crises, chronic pain, multi\u2010organ damage, and reduced life expectancy. Diverse medications are prescribed to treat SCD or manage its associated complications. However, no comprehensive resource for concomitant medication and drug\u2013drug interaction (DDI) risk exists for people living with SCD. Here, we utilized real\u2010world claims data from the Merative Commercial MarketScan Research Database to identify the 100 most prescribed drugs for adolescents and adults living with SCD in the United States with commercial health insurance. DDI risks were assessed by leveraging the CERTARA Drug Interaction Database. In total, 43\/100 drugs on the list were associated with DDI risks. Inhibitors were more frequently represented than inducers, suggesting that interaction risk in this population may be driven primarily by inhibition\u2010mediated mechanisms. CYP3A4 accounted for the largest proportion of identified interactions. The high prescription rates of the CYP3A4 substrates oxycodone (40%) and fentanyl (18.5%), associated with potentially serious clinical consequences due to DDIs, highlight the importance of considering CYP3A4 interaction risk during development of novel therapies for SCD. Overall, this analysis provides a population\u2010level insight into prescription patterns and subsequent DDI risks for people living with SCD. We expect these findings to (1) create clinical DDI risk awareness for this population and (2) inform strategic planning of DDI assessments during development of novel therapies indicated for SCD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.70732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T04:08:22Z","timestamp":1790222902000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Real\u2010World Claims Data on Prescribed Drugs and the Associated Drug\u2013Drug Interaction Risk in Sickle Cell Disease in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5583-8578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rune Aabjerg","family":"N\u00f8rgaard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Development ADME Novo Nordisk A\/S M\u00e5l\u00f8v Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6841-0805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Grenier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Development ADME Novo Nordisk A\/S M\u00e5l\u00f8v Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3595-1311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Bruun\u2010Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Targeted Learning and Causal Inference Novo Nordisk A\/S S\u00f8borg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ifeyinwa","family":"Osunkwo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Corporate Affairs and Communication, Rare Disease Novo Nordisk Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6013-4809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"S\u00e4ll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Development ADME Novo Nordisk A\/S M\u00e5l\u00f8v Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24235"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2024.2317336"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency \u201cGuideline on the investigation of drug interactions (CPMP\/EWP\/560\/95\/Rev. 1 Corr 2) \u201d(2012)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration and CDER \u201cGuidance for Industry. In\u00a0Vitro Drug Interaction Studies \u2010 Cytochrome P450 Enzyme\u2010 and Transporter\u2010Mediated Drug Interactions \u201d(2020)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","volume-title":"ICH Harmonised Guideline M12: Drug Interaction Studies. Final Version","author":"International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH)","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.2931"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.13785"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.2988"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.2236"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-023-00832-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.3652"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0313289"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","unstructured":"\u201cSingulair (montelukast sodium) tablet label \u2013 accessdata.fda.gov \u201d."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.13741"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-017-2215-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-006-0120-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clpt.2004.08.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-022-03278-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-020-02981-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/42816"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(24)00384-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1903212"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","article-title":"The Highest\u2010Cost Medicaid Enrollees With Sickle Cell Disease Had Annual Health Care Expenditures Nearing $200 000","volume":"2","author":"Speller J.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Health Aff Sch"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.57264\/cer-2025-0006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.3075"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17474086.2022.2031967"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Translational Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cts.70732","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/cts.70732","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cts.70732","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:17:57Z","timestamp":1792171077000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cts.70732"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cts.70732"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cts.70732","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-8054","1752-8062"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-8054","type":"print"},{"value":"1752-8062","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70732"}}