{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T17:51:35Z","timestamp":1762710695675},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,12]],"date-time":"2012-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1352678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cutan Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Disseminated bacillus Calmette\u2010Gu\u00e9rin infection (BCGitis) is an uncommon condition which is usually associated with primary immunodeficiency. Skin histopathology findings have been described in rare cases only. A retrospective clinicopathological study was performed to assess the potential utility of skin biopsies in the diagnosis, prognosis and follow\u2010up of these patients. Four cases of disseminated BCGitis in children with Severe Combined ImmunoDeficiency were biopsied before and after Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT). The results were compared to the clinical and immunological status of the children. Early skin biopsies revealed either dense dermal infiltration by foamy macrophages filled with acid fast bacilli (AFB) or mycobacterial spindle\u2010cell pseudotumors rich in AFB. There were no granulomas. These patterns led to the diagnosis of disseminated BCGitis potentially caused by severe immunodeficiency. After HSCT, repeated skin biopsies were performed on persistent or new cutaneous lesions to rule out immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and to check for tuberculoid granulomas. One patient died of BCGitis combined with graft versus host disease. The 3 others presented with progressive\u2010onset well differentiated granulomas over a long period and recovered. Skin biopsy is a useful part of the diagnostic workup for disseminated BCGitis, directing the clinician toward severe immunodeficiency. Moreover, skin biopsy may be a useful means of monitoring immune restoration for prognostic purposes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.12048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,19]],"date-time":"2012-10-19T00:37:32Z","timestamp":1350607052000},"page":"30-37","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Severe cutaneous bacillus Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin infection in immunocompromised children: the relevance of skin biopsy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Am\u00e9lie","family":"Gantzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, H\u00f4pital Necker\u2010Enfants Malades Universit\u00e9 Ren\u00e9 Descartes, APHP Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B\u00e9n\u00e9dicte","family":"Neven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology\u2010Immunology and Rheumatology Hopital Necker\u2010Enfants Malades, APHP Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Capucine","family":"Picard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology\u2010Immunology and Rheumatology Hopital Necker\u2010Enfants Malades, APHP Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Brousse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology H\u00f4pital Necker\u2010Enfants Malades, APHP Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Lortholary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases H\u00f4pital Necker\u2010Enfants Malades, APHP Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology\u2010Immunology and Rheumatology Hopital Necker\u2010Enfants Malades, APHP Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Bodemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, H\u00f4pital Necker\u2010Enfants Malades Universit\u00e9 Ren\u00e9 Descartes, APHP Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sylvie","family":"Fraitag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology H\u00f4pital Necker\u2010Enfants Malades, APHP Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"1481","article-title":"Preventive vaccination against tuberculosis with BCG","volume":"24","author":"Calmette A","year":"1931","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.07.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"52","article-title":"Reduction in the risk of tuberculous meningitis in children in France. 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