{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T11:41:36Z","timestamp":1790077296548,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,12]],"date-time":"2012-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1352678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cutan Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"Background<\/jats:title>Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC<\/jats:styled-content>) is a rare neuroendocrine cancer of the skin. The utility of CD99<\/jats:styled-content> (MIC<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102) in the diagnosis of MCC<\/jats:styled-content> has been previously studied, with reported rates of expression ranging from 13 to 55%. When specified, a membranous or cytoplasmic staining pattern was considered significant. Recent studies of CD99<\/jats:styled-content> have identified a paranuclear dot\u2010like expression pattern in certain non\u2010neuroendocrine pancreatic and colonic lesions. We recently noted paranuclear dot\u2010like staining in several cases of MCC<\/jats:styled-content>, including cases lacking cytokeratin 20 (CK20<\/jats:styled-content>) expression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Fourteen cases of MCC<\/jats:styled-content> were stained with CK20<\/jats:styled-content> and CD99<\/jats:styled-content> antibody, and the pattern and intensity of staining were recorded. Seven cases of pulmonary small cell carcinoma (PSCC<\/jats:styled-content>) and one case of primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET<\/jats:styled-content>) were used for comparison.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>All 14 cases of MCC<\/jats:styled-content> showed at least focal CD99<\/jats:styled-content> staining, with both membranous and paranuclear dot\u2010like staining patterns identified. CK20<\/jats:styled-content> staining was present in 12\/14 cases, with the characteristic dot\u2010like pattern identified. Four of seven cases of PSCC<\/jats:styled-content> showed CD99<\/jats:styled-content> staining, with two showing a finely granular dot\u2010like staining pattern.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>We report an unusual pattern of paranuclear dot\u2010like expression of CD99<\/jats:styled-content> in 14 cases of MCC<\/jats:styled-content>, two of which did not express CK20<\/jats:styled-content>. This previously unrecognized expression pattern may be of use in differentiating MCC<\/jats:styled-content> from other cutaneous malignancies, especially when CK20<\/jats:styled-content> expression is limited or absent.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.12049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,12]],"date-time":"2012-11-12T18:40:15Z","timestamp":1352745615000},"page":"19-24","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["CD99<\/scp> expression in Merkel cell carcinoma: a case series with an unusual paranuclear dot\u2010like staining pattern"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Ashwyn","family":"Rajagopalan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debra","family":"Browning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samih","family":"Salama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1972.01620040075020"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01913128609007206"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197811)42:5<2311::AID-CNCR2820420531>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2011.01.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/R494HQ9VRDJWDY30"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00129039-200312000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2005.02158.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/102.5.692"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","first-page":"427","article-title":"Cytokeratin 20 in human carcinomas. A new histodiagnostic marker detected by monoclonal antibodies","volume":"140","author":"Moll R","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00022744-200003000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.3800936"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1177\/229255030201000501","article-title":"Clinical\u2010pathological review of 14 cases of merkel cell carcinoma","volume":"10","author":"Quttainah A","year":"2002","journal-title":"Can J Plastic Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-199402000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAP.0b013e3181a12f5a"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","first-page":"S68","article-title":"Merkel cell carcinoma (neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin)","volume":"115","author":"Smith PD","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1152586"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3181aa30a5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCPE68HZXCGWTKK"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0339(199812)19:6<410::AID-DC2>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2559.2000.01011.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19910401)67:7<1886::AID-CNCR2820670712>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3181d1d457"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e318219c036"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2011.04.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e31822bb546"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","first-page":"990","volume-title":"Skin pathology","author":"Weedon D","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2011.01751.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719109332824"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","first-page":"1503","article-title":"Characteristic pattern of chromosomal gains and losses in merkel cell carcinoma detected by comparative genomic hybridization","volume":"58","author":"Van Gele M","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cutaneous Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fcup.12049","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cup.12049","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]],"date-time":"2023-11-22T17:43:08Z","timestamp":1700674988000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cup.12049"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,12]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cup.12049"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cup.12049","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0303-6987","1600-0560"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0303-6987","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0560","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,12]]}}}