{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T19:28:36Z","timestamp":1767986916862,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,4]],"date-time":"2013-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cutan Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Verrucous hemangioma (VH) presents clinically as a vascular malformation but has similar histopathologic features to infantile hemangioma. This study characterized the cell population within VH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Paraffin\u2010embedded sections from two male patients with VH were processed for immunohistochemistry. The expression of SMA, CD34, glucose transporter\u20101 (Glut\u20101), D2\u201040, brachyury, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), Oct\u20104, hemoglobin \u03b6 chain (HBZ), Wilms tumor protein (WT\u20101) and CD45 was examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The lymphatic marker, D2\u201040, was not expressed in VH, whereas Glut\u20101 was widely expressed in infantile hemangioma, it was only focally expressed by the endothelium of VH. The endothelium of VH expressed the primitive markers, Oct\u20104, brachyury and ACE. The primitive marker, WT\u20101, was expressed predominantly on the pericyte layer of both VH and infantile hemangioma. However, HBZ was only expressed in infantile hemangioma. CD45, a mature hematopoetic marker, was expressed by cells within the interstitium, away from the endothelium of VH and infantile hemangioma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The expression of the primitive markers, Oct\u20104, brachyury and ACE on the endothelium, and WT\u20101 predominantly on the pericyte layer of  VH shows a primitive microvascular phenotype similar to infantile hemangioma. However, the absence of the embryonic marker, HBZ, expressed only in first trimester placenta and in proliferating infantile hemangioma, suggests a different cellular origin. HBZ could be used to distinguish between the two conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.12078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,27]],"date-time":"2012-12-27T13:42:55Z","timestamp":1356615775000},"page":"391-396","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Verrucous hemangioma expresses primitive markers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Emma L.","family":"Laing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gillies McIndoe Research Institute  Wellington New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen D.","family":"Brasch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gillies McIndoe Research Institute  Wellington New Zealand"},{"name":"Centre for the Study and Treatment of Vascular Birthmarks, Wellington Regional Plastic, Maxillofacial and Burns Unit Hutt Hospital  Wellington New Zealand"},{"name":"Department of Pathology Hutt Hospital  Wellington New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Steel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gillies McIndoe Research Institute  Wellington New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gillies McIndoe Research Institute  Wellington New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tinte","family":"Itinteang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gillies McIndoe Research Institute  Wellington New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Swee T.","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gillies McIndoe Research Institute  Wellington New Zealand"},{"name":"Centre for the Study and Treatment of Vascular Birthmarks, Wellington Regional Plastic, Maxillofacial and Burns Unit Hutt Hospital  Wellington New Zealand"},{"name":"University of Otago  Wellington New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darren J.","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences Victoria University of Wellington  Wellington New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"375","article-title":"Vascular tumors and vascular malformations (new issues)","volume":"13","author":"Enjolras O","year":"1997","journal-title":"Adv Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198203000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2006.00219.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1967.01610030025004","article-title":"Verrucous hemangioma. 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