{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T03:36:25Z","timestamp":1773113785040,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,11]],"date-time":"2014-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1418256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cutan Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"Background<\/jats:title>Evolving lesions of lichen sclerosus (LS<\/jats:styled-content>) pose a diagnostic challenge owing to an absence of classic findings of epidermal atrophy, dermal sclerosis, a band\u2010like lymphocytic infiltrate and the presence of eosinophils.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Retrospective specimens of LS<\/jats:styled-content> were reviewed. Demographic information, biopsy vs. excision and the following histopathological characteristics were noted: presence and number of eosinophils, epidermal hyperplasia, spongiosis, early\/transitional LS<\/jats:styled-content>, well\u2010developed LS<\/jats:styled-content> and coexisting squamous cell carcinoma (SCC<\/jats:styled-content>). Linear regression analysis was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The data consisted of 66 biopsies (36 male [M], 30 female [F]), from 53 individuals (33M<\/jats:styled-content>, 20F<\/jats:styled-content>), including 57 genital and 9 extragenital biopsies. Seven biopsies showed SCC<\/jats:styled-content>, 28 showed epidermal hyperplasia and 14 exhibited spongiosis. Thirty\u2010five specimens were early\/transitional LS<\/jats:styled-content> and commonly exhibited epidermal hyperplasia (57%), epidermotropism of lymphocytes (97%) and basement membrane thickening (97%). Thirty\u2010five biopsies (53%) contained eosinophils (23 early\/transitional lesions). Male gender (p = 0.074) was associated with increased eosinophils. The presence of SCC<\/jats:styled-content> (p = 0.014) was a significant predictors of eosinophil number.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Epidermal hyperplasia, epidermotropism of lymphocytes and basement membrane thickening are helpful features in identifying early LS<\/jats:styled-content>. Eosinophils are not an uncommon finding in LS<\/jats:styled-content> and are most common in male genital lesions and in LS<\/jats:styled-content> associated with SCC<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.12445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,18]],"date-time":"2014-11-18T07:48:14Z","timestamp":1416296894000},"page":"16-21","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Eosinophils in biopsy specimens of lichen sclerosus: a not uncommon finding"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth B.","family":"Lester","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of Vermont Burlington VT USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian L.","family":"Swick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Dermatology and Pathology University of Iowa and Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center Iowa City IA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12220"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199804000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","first-page":"844","article-title":"Clinicopathologic comparison of vulvar and extragenital sclerosus: histologic variants, evolving lesions, and etiology of 141 cases","volume":"11","author":"Carlson JA","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-200110000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2005.02209.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1972.01620070076028","article-title":"Eosinophilic infiltration in lichen sclerosus atrophicus","volume":"105","author":"Tagami H","year":"1972","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004347-200301000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1046-199X(97)90092-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","first-page":"226","article-title":"Histopathology of exogenous and systemic contact eczema","volume":"9","author":"White CR","year":"1990","journal-title":"Semin Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1984.tb02374.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.12324"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.12275"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2012.01891.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.02.019"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cutaneous Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fcup.12445","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cup.12445","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T12:29:48Z","timestamp":1696336188000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cup.12445"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,11]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cup.12445"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cup.12445","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0303-6987","1600-0560"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0303-6987","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0560","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,11]]}}}