{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T06:17:08Z","timestamp":1770358628576,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,12]],"date-time":"2015-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1431388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cutan Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Perineural granulomas in cutaneous sarcoidosis have been rarely reported and their clinical significance has yet to be evaluated. Recently, a 27\u2010year\u2010old male presented with multiple pink papules on the flank and lower back, accompanied by a painful, burning sensation. Biopsies revealed well\u2010defined granulomas, consistent with sarcoidosis, in the dermis and involving small cutaneous nerves. We hypothesized that perineural granulomas may be an under\u2010recognized feature of cutaneous sarcoidosis and may be responsible for sensory disturbances. We reviewed cases from 29 consecutive patients with cutaneous sarcoidosis. Perineural granulomas were identified in 18\/29 (62%) patients and in 22\/40 (55%) biopsies. Perineural granulomas were identified in 7\/9 biopsies from the proximal upper extremity, 1\/3 from the distal upper extremity, 7\/12 from the head and the neck, including 4\/4 from the nose, 5\/9 from the back, 1\/2 from the flank and 1\/1 from the proximal lower extremity and 0\/4 from the distal lower extremity. The anatomical distribution is similar to sarcoidosis small\u2010fiber neuropathy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SSFN<\/jats:styled-content>), in which sarcoidosis patients without evident skin lesions experience sensory disturbances of unknown etiology involving the face, the proximal extremities and the trunk. Our results indicate perineural granulomas in cutaneous sarcoidosis are more common than previously appreciated, primarily involve the head, the proximal upper extremities and the back, and may be responsible for neurological manifestations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.12484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,10]],"date-time":"2015-03-10T07:12:57Z","timestamp":1425971577000},"page":"465-470","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Perineural granulomas in cutaneous sarcoidosis may be associated with sarcoidosis small\u2010fiber neuropathy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"William R.","family":"Munday","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Yale School of Medicine  New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"McNiff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Yale School of Medicine  New Haven CT USA"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Yale School of Medicine  New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kalman","family":"Watsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Yale School of Medicine  New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"DiCapua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Yale School of Medicine  New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anjela","family":"Galan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Yale School of Medicine  New Haven CT USA"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Yale School of Medicine  New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199704243361706"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2001.114596"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.74.877.649"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1981.01650040019012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1997.03890430098013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1952.tb13864.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1984.tb04204.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0303-6987.2004.00157.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(82)80032-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1177\/039463201402700302","article-title":"The \u201cmystery\u201d of cutaneous sarcoidosis: facts and controversies","volume":"27","author":"Tchernev G","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"427","article-title":"Foreign bodies in granulomatous cutaneous lesions of patients with systemic sarcoidosis","volume":"137","author":"Marcoval J","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-199306000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820080503"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"334","article-title":"Sarcoid\u2010like granulomas in secondary syphilis. 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