{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T20:26:37Z","timestamp":1760646397056},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,5]],"date-time":"2015-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EXC 306\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXC 306\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cutan Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"Background<\/jats:title>Diagnosis of autoantibody\u2010 and immune complex\u2010induced skin diseases is primarily based on direct immunofluorescence (DIF<\/jats:styled-content>) microscopy. DIF<\/jats:styled-content> staining is usually performed manually and, therefore, is labor intensive. The quality of immunohistochemical results considerably depends on the experience of the person conducting the tests. The novel EUROTide<\/jats:styled-content>\u2122<\/jats:sup> technique in combination with the biochip\u2010based system EUROPath<\/jats:styled-content> represents a new technology for automation of DIF<\/jats:styled-content> staining.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Frozen sections of previously characterized skin biopsies from bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris patients were incubated with fluorescein\u2010labelled anti\u2010human IgG<\/jats:styled-content> and complement C3c following the standard manual procedure and, for comparison, applying EUROTide<\/jats:styled-content>\/EUROPath<\/jats:styled-content> in an automated version.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Both, the manual and the automated procedure, detected IgG<\/jats:styled-content> and C3c deposits in all samples. However, DIF<\/jats:styled-content> stainings performed with EUROTide<\/jats:styled-content>\/EUROPath<\/jats:styled-content> displayed more intense specific IF<\/jats:styled-content> signals and distinctly less background staining. The detecting antibody could be used at a \u00d74 higher dilution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>EUROTide<\/jats:styled-content>\/EUROPath<\/jats:styled-content> applied in an automated system improves diagnostic accuracy and saves reagents. Larger studies in other routine laboratories may further explore the value of the EUROTide<\/jats:styled-content>\/EUROPath<\/jats:styled-content> technology and may include comparison with other automated stainers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.12637","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,10]],"date-time":"2015-10-10T16:09:18Z","timestamp":1444493358000},"page":"227-235","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Automated direct immunofluorescence analyses of skin biopsies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Susanne","family":"Lemcke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of L\u00fcbeck L\u00fcbeck Germany"},{"name":"Human Immunophenotyping Laboratory University of L\u00fcbeck L\u00fcbeck Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siegmar","family":"Sokolowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Euroimmun AG L\u00fcbeck 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