{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T13:25:46Z","timestamp":1773667546436,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,6]],"date-time":"2016-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cutan Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"Background<\/jats:title>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV<\/jats:styled-content>)\/leishmaniasis coinfection is a matter of deep concern worldwide. CC<\/jats:styled-content> chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5<\/jats:styled-content>) functions as a co\u2010receptor for HIV<\/jats:styled-content> entry into host immune cells with an elevated expression observed during leishmaniasis, promoting parasite persistence. A 32 bp deletion (\u039432<\/jats:italic>) in the CCR5<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> gene provides protection against HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection and increased resistance to Leishmania<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>In this study, CCR5<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u039432<\/jats:italic> distribution within Pakistani population with cutaneous leishmaniasis was investigated to evaluate genetic susceptibility to HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection. CCR5<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u039432<\/jats:italic> polymorphism was analyzed in 276 leishmaniasis patients and 119 uninfected healthy controls. Genotypic and allelic frequencies were evaluated and tested for Hardy\u2013Weinberg equilibrium (HWE<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The overall \u039432<\/jats:italic> allele frequency was 6.58% of the population (n = 395). There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the geographical distribution of \u039432<\/jats:italic> allele which was higher in the northern region of the country when compared with the south. Five individuals were identified to be homozygous for the \u039432<\/jats:italic> allele which has not been reported before from Pakistan. However, no significant association was observed between CCR5<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u039432<\/jats:italic> and cutaneous leishmaniasis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>The higher frequency of CCR5<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> wild\u2010type allele among leishmaniasis patients may suggest an increased risk of HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection and also support its facilitative role in Leishmania<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.12712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,12]],"date-time":"2016-03-12T20:14:31Z","timestamp":1457813671000},"page":"564-570","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["CC<\/scp> chemokine receptor 5 \u039432<\/i> polymorphism: association analysis and allele distribution among cutaneous leishmaniasis patients from Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Mariam","family":"Sophie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (KIBGE) University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdul","family":"Hameed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), KRL General Hospital Islamabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akhtar","family":"Muneer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Kuwait Teaching Hospital Peshawar Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Azam J.","family":"Samdani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology National Medical Center Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saima","family":"Saleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (KIBGE) University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abid","family":"Azhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (KIBGE) University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(01)90223-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035671"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2014.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000259"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","unstructured":"WHO. 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