{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T15:07:26Z","timestamp":1785683246858,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,30]],"date-time":"2018-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cutan Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lyme disease (LD) is one of the most common tick\u2010borne diseases caused by several <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic> species of spirochetes. <jats:italic>Ixodes scapularis<\/jats:italic> is responsible for the transmission of LD in the northeastern United States. The rate of infection varies with the duration of tick attachment to the host; however, this information may be unknown. In skin biopsies, it is often difficult to identify spirochetes. Testing of ticks is not routinely performed. Treatment is established by clinical presentation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To test paraffin\u2010embedded <jats:italic>I. scapularis<\/jats:italic> ticks for <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic> by different methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials\/Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined 20 paraffin\u2010embedded ticks by silver stain, immunohistochemical (IHC) and direct immunofluorescent (DIF) methods and compared the percentage of positivity with DIF results from the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results were similar by DIF, which proved to be the most sensitive method, followed by the silver stain and IHC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found that the identification of spirochetes in paraffin\u2010embedded ticks was less difficult than in tissue with a comparable turnaround time to that of a routine biopsy. Timely identification of <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic> in ticks may influence the clinical management of the patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.13143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,23]],"date-time":"2018-03-23T07:09:46Z","timestamp":1521788986000},"page":"473-477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Detection of <i>Borrelia<\/i> in <i>Ixodes scapularis<\/i> ticks by silver stain, immunohistochemical and direct immunofluorescent methods"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5620-801X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anjela","family":"Galan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut"},{"name":"Department of Pathology Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Kupernik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shawn E.","family":"Cowper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut"},{"name":"Department of Pathology Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"Lyme Disease. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Website.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/lyme\/Updated 19 January 2018. Accessed 8 April 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0604.000416"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-198304000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1998.00130.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-198606000-00005"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"48","article-title":"Combined borrelial lymphocytoma with erythema migrans. Retrospective study of a rare manifestation of dermatoborreliosis in 15 patients","volume":"14","author":"Mullegger RR","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2000.03407.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(91)70088-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2559.2000.01003.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0560.2001.281002.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"399","article-title":"Anetoderma and borreliosis: is there a pathogenetic relationship?","volume":"13","author":"Hofer T","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"561","article-title":"Cutis laxa acquisita: is there any association with Borrelia burgdorferi?","volume":"9","author":"Ozkan S","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198303313081301"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1984.01650440047017","article-title":"Erythema chronicum migrans of Lyme disease","volume":"120","author":"Berger BW","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780200102"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-93-1-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.35.1.47"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s100960000412"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"404","article-title":"Verhandlugen der dermatologischen Gesellshaft zu Stockholm","volume":"101","author":"Afzelius A","year":"1910","journal-title":"Arch Derm Syphiligr"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"120","article-title":"Erytema chronicum migrans","volume":"2","author":"Afzelius A","year":"1921","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venerol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7043737"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.135.11.1329"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/000155500459312"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.127.6.866"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03260032","article-title":"Improvement in the laboratory recognition of Lyme borreliosis with the combination of culture and PCR methods","volume":"7","author":"Chmielewski T","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Diagn"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cutaneous Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fcup.13143","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cup.13143","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T20:05:29Z","timestamp":1695499529000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cup.13143"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,30]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cup.13143"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cup.13143","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0303-6987","1600-0560"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0303-6987","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0560","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2007-04-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-03-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-04-30","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}