{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T19:13:24Z","timestamp":1793042004917,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,14]],"date-time":"2019-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cutan Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Angiotropism is the histopathological correlate of pericytic mimicry and extravascular migratory metastasis (EVMM), a mechanism of melanoma spread by migration along the external surface of blood and lymphatic vessels. The frequency of angiotropism in primary cutaneous melanoma and the clinical utility of its detection remain unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated angiotropism in 179 primary cutaneous melanomas by hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E), CD31, and S100\/D240 stains.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We detected angiotropism in 31 cases (17%) by H&amp;E. CD31 immunohistochemistry increased detection to 59 cases (33%). When lymphatic vessels were included by using S100\/D240 stains, 67 cases (37%) cases were positive. Angiotropism was associated with lymphatic invasion and mitotic rate with all detection methods. There was an association with increased tumor thickness when detected by H&amp;E and CD31. No association with sentinel lymph node status was seen. By H&amp;E and CD31 staining, angiotropism was associated with disease progression and distant metastases by univariate, but not multivariate analysis. Overall survival was not affected by the presence of angiotropism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Angiotropism is relatively common in primary melanoma when immunohistochemical stains are used for detection and associated with mitotic rate and intravascular lymphatic invasion. The association with disease progression and distant metastasis suggests that it represents an alternative pathway of metastasis, that is, EVMM\/pericytic mimicry vs intravascular spread.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.13461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,23]],"date-time":"2019-03-23T08:34:24Z","timestamp":1553330064000},"page":"498-507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Angiotropism in primary cutaneous melanoma is associated with disease progression and distant metastases: A retrospective study of 179 cases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Andrea P.","family":"Moy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Service Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Northwell Health and Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell  New York New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyn M.","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Service Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alona","family":"Muzikansky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Center Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6674-1018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Kraft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Service Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts"},{"name":"Center for Dermatopathology  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2016.131"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAP.0b013e31805048d9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","first-page":"137","article-title":"Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical observations concerning laminin in B16 melanoma. 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