{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T15:27:23Z","timestamp":1771342043198,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,14]],"date-time":"2019-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008246","name":"Tufts University School of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005492","name":"Stanford University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cutan Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>A eukaryotic cell's primary cilium (PC) is critical for cell signaling, migration and homeostasis. Primary cilium dysfunction has been demonstrated in several malignancies, but whether primary cilia loss occurs in acral melanoma has remained unknown. To address this, we examined the ciliation index (% melanocytes containing a PC) of patient\u2010derived, biopsy\u2010proven acral melanoma and compared these to benign acral nevi.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We generated a pilot initiative study that included six acral melanomas and seven acral nevi derived from the foot. Using fluorescent immunohistochemistry, we calculated ciliation indexes of Sox10+ melanocytes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Average ciliation index for acral nevi was 74.0% (SE of the mean [SEM] 3.3%) vs 9.3% for acral melanoma (SEM 5.7%), finding a statistically significant difference between the groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010value &lt;.001, two tailed <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> test).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The data show a significant loss of primary cilia in malignant acral melanoma vs benign acral nevi, suggesting that cilia may play an important role during acral melanoma formation. Our data, which should be validated by a larger study with longer follow\u2010up period, suggest that examining ciliation index may be a useful diagnostic test when distinguishing benign acral nevi from melanoma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.13484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,25]],"date-time":"2019-04-25T06:37:39Z","timestamp":1556174259000},"page":"665-671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Depletion of primary cilium in acral melanoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4559-1409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nick R.","family":"Love","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Stanford University Medical Center  Stanford California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ursula E.","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Stanford University Medical Center  Stanford California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Stanford University Medical Center  Stanford California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5065-5916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinah","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Palo Alto Medical Foundation  Palo Alto 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