{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T15:25:12Z","timestamp":1785684312831,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009230","name":"Norris Cotton Cancer Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5P30CA023108\u201037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5P30CA023108\u201037"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cutan Pathol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Many dermatopathologists find conjunctival melanocytic proliferations challenging because they are rare relative to their cutaneous counterparts and have nuanced morphology and nomenclature. PRAME immunohistochemistry has been widely adopted for distinguishing cutaneous nevi from melanoma, but limited data exist assessing its utility in evaluating conjunctival specimens. In particular, it is uncertain whether it can predict the risk of melanoma progression in primary acquired melanosis (PAM).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty clinically annotated cases (two melanomas, three PAM with atypia, seven PAM without atypia, 15 nevi, two combined nevi, and a diagnostically challenging nevus with atypical features) were retrospectively evaluated with PRAME.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Strong, diffuse PRAME expression was present in melanomas and PAM with high\u2010grade atypia, but not in PAM with low\u2010grade atypia, PAM without atypia, or nevi. Scattered, faintly PRAME\u2010positive intraepithelial melanocyte nuclei were identified in six nevi. A clonal nevus and nests of heavily pigmented type\u2010A melanocytes in two additional nevi had cytoplasmic staining.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>PRAME was useful for distinguishing melanoma and its probable precursors from benign conjunctival melanocytic proliferations in our cohort. The data alert us to two diagnostic pitfalls in nevi: scattered, PRAME\u2010positive intraepithelial melanocytes and cytoplasmic PRAME staining in type\u2010A melanocytes and melanophages. Larger scale investigations are warranted to further substantiate these promising findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.14078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,5]],"date-time":"2021-06-05T03:42:33Z","timestamp":1622864553000},"page":"1442-1448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["<scp>PRAME<\/scp> immunohistochemistry is useful in the evaluation of conjunctival melanomas, nevi, and primary acquired melanosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8551-0381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert E.","family":"LeBlanc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth\u2010Hitchcock Medical Center  Lebanon New Hampshire USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald M.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Section of Ophthalmology Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth\u2010Hitchcock Medical Center  Lebanon New Hampshire USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Zegans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Section of Ophthalmology Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth\u2010Hitchcock Medical Center  Lebanon New Hampshire USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001134"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jhg.2015.152"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2009.157933"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2015.3200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-13-0163"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2009.167445"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001393"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001492"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2008.01888.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(85)80061-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","volume-title":"WHO Classification of Tumours of the Eye","author":"Grossniklaus H"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.12751"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j2813"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cutaneous Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cup.14078","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/cup.14078","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cup.14078","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T04:04:54Z","timestamp":1693195494000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cup.14078"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cup.14078"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cup.14078","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0303-6987","1600-0560"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0303-6987","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0560","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-05-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-06-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-06-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}