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Originally considered a sclerotic variant of benign fibrous histiocytoma (BFH), most SFs express FXIIIA, and despite this, there is limited investigation of other histiocytic markers. Additionally, SF\u2010like changes in BFH and other cutaneous lesions may create diagnostic pitfalls. Nonetheless, consistent expression of CD34 and CD99, in close histomorphological correlation, supports the diagnosis of SF. To date, approximately 11 intraoral SFs have been reported, none associated with CS. We present an immunohistochemical analysis of a typical SF in the buccal mucosa of a 46\u2010year\u2010old male without signs of CS. Immunohistochemistry showed positivity for vimentin, CD34, CD99, collagen IV (focal), and \u03b1\u2010SMA (focal). Notably, CD68, CD163, FXIIIA, and lysozyme were also positive, suggesting a histiocytic population infiltrating the stroma. This case reinforces that histomorphology, along with CD34 and CD99 immunoprofile, is essential to distinguish SF from BFH and other sclerosing mesenchymal neoplasms. Furthermore, our findings raise the possibility that a subset of SFs may harbor a histiocytic component, which could contribute to its pathogenesis or reflect a reactive stromal component.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.70033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T02:53:47Z","timestamp":1766199227000},"page":"350-355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intraoral Sclerotic Fibroma: A Detailed Immunohistochemical Study Highlighting Expression of Histiocytic Markers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1492-4466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela Esperanza Maradiaga","family":"Posantes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Dental School University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP)  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 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Dentistry, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Dental School University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP)  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0622-3075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thales Peres Candido","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School (FMRP\/USP) University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8099-9648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Chahud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School (FMRP\/USP) University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 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