{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T08:00:39Z","timestamp":1784966439946,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784937600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022\/14672\u20100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\/14672\u20100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022\/14734\u20105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\/14734\u20105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022\/12760\u20109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\/12760\u20109"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["304241\/2021\u20100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["304241\/2021\u20100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cutan Pathol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lichenoid and granulomatous stomatitis (LGS) is a rare condition, with clinicopathological features resembling lichenoid and granulomatous dermatitis. Despite increasing reports, its etiology remains unclear and detailed immunohistochemical (IHC) studies are lacking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed three new LGS cases, comparatively assessed with six cases each of oral lichen planus (OLP), oral lichenoid lesion (OLL), and oral leukoplakia (OL) showing lichenoid infiltrate. Histopathologic patterns were classified using the modified Magro &amp; Crowson system, and IHC analysis included lymphocyte subsets, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Statistical comparisons were performed using Kruskal\u2013Wallis with Dunn's post hoc test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All LGS cases showed lymphohistiocytic infiltrates, microgranulomas, and perivascular\/perineural lymphohistiocytic aggregates. IHC analysis revealed that LGS showed a significantly larger amount of macrophages (CD11c+\/CD68+\/CD163+) indicating M1\/M2 equilibrium, CD3+ and CD8+ T\u2010cells, FOXP3+ regulatory T\u2010cells, and submucosal dendritic cells (FXIIIA+\/CD209+) when compared to OLP\/OLL\/OL. Langerhans cells (CD1a+\/CD207+) were similarly observed, whereas CD20+ B\u2010cells were scarce.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides the first comprehensive IHC analysis of LGS, highlighting distinctive macrophage, T\u2010cell, and dendritic cell profiles. These findings contribute to understanding LGS pathogenesis, support its diagnostic distinction, and suggest potential immunotherapeutic targets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.70183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T07:11:55Z","timestamp":1784963515000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lichenoid and Granulomatous Stomatitis: Three Additional Cases and Detailed Immunohistochemical Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8317-2531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana Paravani","family":"Pala\u00e7on","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnosis and Surgery S\u00e3o Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry  Araraquara SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3393-7388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karina Kendelhy","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Clinical Stomatology Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys  Diamantina MG Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3883-6141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karina Helen","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Pathology, Department of Stomatology, Public Oral Health, and Forensic Dentistry, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Dental School (FORP\/USP) University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5847-7433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cec\u00edlia Aparecida","family":"de Oliveira Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Clinical Stomatology Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys  Diamantina MG Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6774-726X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Terezinha Marques","family":"Mesquita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Clinical Stomatology Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys  Diamantina MG Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9883-9776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ev\u00e2nio Vilela","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnosis and Surgery S\u00e3o Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry  Araraquara SP Brazil"},{"name":"Oral Pathology, Department of Stomatology, Public Oral Health, and Forensic Dentistry, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Dental School (FORP\/USP) University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0622-3075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thales Peres Candido","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School (FMRP\/USP) University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5462-0702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel Enrique Tantalean","family":"Laor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Pathology, Department of Stomatology, Public Oral Health, and Forensic Dentistry, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Dental School (FORP\/USP) University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0839-0771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor Hugo","family":"Toral\u2010Rizo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry Autonomous University of the State of Mexico  Toluca Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4005-157X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan Grupioni","family":"Louren\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Pathology, Department of Stomatology, Public Oral Health, and Forensic Dentistry, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Dental School (FORP\/USP) University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6724-3504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heitor Albergoni","family":"Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School (FMRP\/USP) University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto SP Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery State University of Northern Paran\u00e1 (UENP)  Jacarezinho PR Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9668-5870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge Esquiche","family":"Le\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Pathology, Department of Stomatology, Public Oral Health, and Forensic Dentistry, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Dental School (FORP\/USP) University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto SP Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School (FMRP\/USP) University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6714-6253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreia","family":"Bufalino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnosis and Surgery S\u00e3o Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry  Araraquara SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2006.00419.x","article-title":"Lichenoid and Granulomatous Stomatitis: An Entity or a Non\u2010Specific Inflammatory Process?","volume":"35","author":"Robinson C. M.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2000.00868.x","article-title":"Lichenoid and Granulomatous Dermatitis","volume":"39","author":"Magro C. M.","year":"2000","journal-title":"International Journal of Dermatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2016.02.006","article-title":"New\u2010Onset Oral Lichen Planus and Granulomatous Cheilitis in a 66\u2010Year\u2010Old Woman","volume":"2","author":"Ferguson A.","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAAD Case Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2017.06.097","article-title":"Lichenoid and Granulomatous Stomatitis: 8 New Cases and a Decade of Hindsight","volume":"124","author":"Mainville G.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"e226","article-title":"Clinical and Histologic Features of Lichenoid and Granulomatous Mucositis","volume":"124","author":"Rodrigues G. A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12918","article-title":"Lichenoid Reaction With Granulomatous Stomatitis: A Retrospective Histologic Study of 47 Patients","volume":"48","author":"Hakeem A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"211","article-title":"Lichenoid Granulomatous Stomatitis \u2010 An Oral Medicine Case Book","volume":"75","author":"Robinson L.","year":"2020","journal-title":"South African Dental Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1080\/00016357.2022.2077983","article-title":"Lichenoid Lesions of the Upper Labial Mucosa: A Systematic Review and a Report of a New Case With Extensive Follow\u2010Up","volume":"81","author":"Halonen M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Odontologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2020.105027","article-title":"Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Langerhans Cells in Oral Lichen Planus and Oral Lichenoid Lesions","volume":"124","author":"Ferrisse T. M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Archives of Oral Biology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2021.152072","article-title":"The Role of CD68+ and CD163+ Macrophages in Immunopathogenesis of Oral Lichen Planus and Oral Lichenoid Lesions","volume":"226","author":"Ferrisse T. M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/s12865-025-00770-z","article-title":"The Effect of Disrupted Sleep on Macrophage Polarization: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis of Animal Studies","volume":"26","author":"Askarzadeh M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Immunology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cutaneous Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cup.70183","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/cup.70183","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cup.70183","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T07:11:58Z","timestamp":1784963518000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cup.70183"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]]},"references-count":11,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cup.70183"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cup.70183","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0303-6987","1600-0560"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0303-6987","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0560","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"cup.70183"}}