{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T15:51:38Z","timestamp":1791993098140,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cutan Pathol"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n \n Mycobacteria are typically identified using the acid\u2010fast staining technique. Prior reports have observed cross\u2010reactivity of\n \n Treponema pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n immunohistochemistry (IHC) with\n Mycobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n species, particularly\n \n Mycobacterium leprae<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n . Further characterization of this cross\u2010reactivity is needed across a broader range of\n Mycobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n species, including its extent, strength, and quality.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A retrospective review was conducted to identify all cases of mycobacterial infection at a single institution. Cases with available histopathologic slides were included. Cases in which mycobacteria were not identified on histologic examination were excluded.\n \n T. pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n IHC was performed for each case that met inclusion criteria, and staining patterns were recorded.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Of the 55 cases of mycobacterial infection identified, a total of 19 cases met the inclusion criteria: 10 cases of\n \n M. leprae<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n , 6 cases of\n \n M. chelonae<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n , 2 cases of\n \n M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n , and 1 case of\n \n M. avium<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n . IHC for\n \n T. pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n showed cross\u2010reactivity in all 10\n \n M. leprae<\/jats:styled-content>\n cases\n <\/jats:italic>\n (100%), 3 of 6\n \n M. chelonae<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n cases (50%), 1 of 2\n \n M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n cases (50%), and no staining in the single\n \n M. avium<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n case. Cases of\n \n M. leprae<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n \n M. chelonae<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n showed a consistent strong granular and clumped staining pattern.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n This study demonstrates that\n \n T. pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n IHC can highlight diverse\n Mycobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n species, a cross\u2010reactivity that pathologists should recognize to avoid false\u2010positive interpretations. In the appropriate clinical context, this cross\u2010reactivity may be utilized to further support the diagnosis of leprosy, given the consistently strong staining observed with\n \n M. leprae<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.70231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:19:16Z","timestamp":1791260356000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cross\u2010Reactivity of\n \n Treponema pallidum<\/i>\n <\/scp>\n Polyclonal Antibody With\n Mycobacterium<\/i>\n Species"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9682-798X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. G.","family":"Zaladonis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Waseh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DermSurgery Associates Bellaire Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. T.","family":"Hyde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Tuluc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6399-2719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. B.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0b013e3181c22546"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0b013e3182181596"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0000000000002197"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-025-11332-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14155308"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","volume-title":"Laboratory Services in Tuberculosis Control: Recording and Reporting of Results\u2014Sputum Smear Microscopy Guidelines","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","volume-title":"Guidelines for the Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Leprosy","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","volume-title":"Acid\u2010Fast Staining Protocols","author":"American Society for Microbiology","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","volume-title":"Treponema pallidum (Spirochete) RUO Technical Datasheet (Research Use Only Product Information Sheet)","author":"BioCare Medical","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00902-24"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.2.910"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar.46.3.269"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar.37.3.119"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1973.01620180027008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.14370"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2014.10.003"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cutaneous Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cup.70231","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/cup.70231","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cup.70231","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T15:40:45Z","timestamp":1791992445000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cup.70231"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"references-count":16,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cup.70231"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cup.70231","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0303-6987","1600-0560"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0303-6987","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0560","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-07-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"cup.70231"}}