{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T17:16:31Z","timestamp":1784740591954,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,17]],"date-time":"2013-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1366156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cytopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To study the cytomorphological features of squamous cell carcinoma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCC<\/jats:styled-content>) in serous effusions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Conventional smears from 23 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCC<\/jats:styled-content> were reviewed for the following features: cellularity, single cells, cell clusters, long cords, squamous pearls, cell\u2010in\u2010cell, \u2018windows\u2019, polygonal cells, anucleated cells, tadpole cells, fibre cells, third\u2010type cells, refractile cytoplasmic ring, two\u2010tone cytoplasm, cytoplasmic density, cytoplasmic vacuoles, signet ring cells, nuclear\/cytoplasmic ratio, nuclear hyperchromasia, irregular nuclear membrane, nuclear centricity, double or multiple nuclei, nucleolus, anaplastic cells and mitosis. Subsequently, we also reviewed 15 reactive mesothelium, 18 mesotheliomas and 24 adenocarcinomas for comparison.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCC<\/jats:styled-content> smears comprised mixed populations of single cells and cell clusters. Keratinized squamous cells and squamous pearls were diagnostic for well\u2010differentiated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCC<\/jats:styled-content>. Squamous eddies, appreciated on the cell block sections appearing as two\u2010dimensional cell clusters with a swirling pattern, were characteristic for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCC<\/jats:styled-content>. Poorly differentiated\/third\u2010type cells with atypical cytoplasmic keratinization, manifest as two\u2010tone cytoplasm with a well\u2010defined border and occasionally a refractile central ring, were an important clue for the squamous origin of the cells. Features including cell\u2010in\u2010cell, cytoplasmic vacuolation, double or multinucleated cells, anaplastic cells and mitotic figures were present in various degrees, and were not of diagnostic value.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Certain cytological features are diagnostic for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCC<\/jats:styled-content>, whereas other features of poorly differentiated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCC<\/jats:styled-content> often overlap with those of reactive mesothelial cells, mesothelioma, metastatic adenocarcinoma or urothelial carcinoma in serous effusions. The combination of clinical history, appropriate immunohistochemical panel and cytomorphological features are important to ensure a correct diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cyt.12065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,18]],"date-time":"2013-04-18T02:07:46Z","timestamp":1366250866000},"page":"112-119","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Cytomorphological features of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma in serous effusions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"C. C.","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. W.","family":"Michael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Case Western Reserve University\/University Hospitals Case Medical Centre Cleveland OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"1191","article-title":"Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder with metastasis diagnosed cytologically in a pleural effusion","volume":"43","author":"Nieto\u2010Llanos S","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Cytol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.21027"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.10327"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0339(199806)18:6<422::AID-DC7>3.0.CO;2-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","first-page":"245","article-title":"Cells of squamous cell carcinoma in pleural, peritoneal and pericardial fluids. 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