{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T11:55:45Z","timestamp":1785239745639,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,18]],"date-time":"2015-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1424217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cytopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gallbladder neuroendocrine tumours (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NET<\/jats:styled-content>s) are rare and account for 0.5% of all <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NET<\/jats:styled-content>s. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NET<\/jats:styled-content>s have an aggressive behaviour, which depends on the tumour grade. The cytomorphological spectrum of these tumours has never been described in detail. The present study evaluates the cytological features of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NET<\/jats:styled-content>s and grades them according to the World Health Organization (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WHO<\/jats:styled-content>) classification. Furthermore, the expression of thyroid transcription factor\u20101 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TTF<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101) has not been investigated previously in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NET<\/jats:styled-content>s, although found in a subset of extrapulmonary <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NET<\/jats:styled-content>s.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty cases of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NET<\/jats:styled-content> among 875 gallbladder carcinomas diagnosed by ultrasound\u2010guided fine needle aspiration cytology (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FNAC<\/jats:styled-content>) over a period of nearly 4\u00a0years were studied. The following parameters were evaluated: architectural pattern, nuclear chromatin, nucleoli, mitoses, necrosis, moulding, apoptosis and smudge cells. Cases were categorized into well\u2010differentiated (grades 1 and 2), small cell carcinoma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCC<\/jats:styled-content>) (grade 3) and mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma. Nuclear positivity for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TTF<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 was considered as positive.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Morphologically, tumour cells were mainly arranged in rosettes in the well\u2010differentiated category; sudden anisonucleosis and rare nuclear moulding with or without mitotic figures were other features. Eleven cases of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCC<\/jats:styled-content> showed prominent nuclear moulding with frequent smudge cells, mitoses, apoptosis and necrosis. Three mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas showed papillary fragments and an acinar arrangement of tumour cells. Four of the nine <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCC<\/jats:styled-content>s in which <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TTF<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 was evaluated on de\u2010stained smears showed nuclear positivity. Histopathology was available in two <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCC<\/jats:styled-content>s and showed morphology similar to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FNAC<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cytology plays an important role in the diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NET<\/jats:styled-content>s for appropriate subtype characterization, which is necessary for the prognostication of these tumours. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TTF<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 may not be used for the differentiation of gallbladder <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCC<\/jats:styled-content>s from pulmonary <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCC<\/jats:styled-content>s.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cyt.12239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,18]],"date-time":"2015-02-18T08:05:28Z","timestamp":1424246728000},"page":"97-102","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Cytomorphology of neuroendocrine tumours of the gallbladder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Yadav","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. R.","family":"Mathur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V. K.","family":"Iyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"1209","article-title":"Epidemiology of gall bladder cancer: synthesis of recent data","volume":"65","author":"Diehl AK","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute.Surveillance epidemiology and end outcome program.http:\/\/seer.cancer.gov\/faststats\/selections.php?#Output(accessed 13 December 2014)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13193-012-0203-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.15.4377"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3181d7a6d4","article-title":"Neuroendocrine tumours of the gallbladder: an evaluation and reassessment of management strategy","volume":"44","author":"Eltawil KM","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"274","volume-title":"WHO Classification of Tumours of the Digestive System: World Health Organization of Tumours","author":"Komminoth P","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"13","volume-title":"WHO Classification of Tumours of the Digestive System; World Health Organization of Tumours","author":"Rindi G","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyh052"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Thyroid transcription factor\u20101: immunohistochemical evaluation in pulmonary neuroendocrine tumours","volume":"12","author":"Folpe AL","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.3880044"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1742-6413.113627"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e31818d7d8b"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0344-0338(80)80063-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9098(199901)70:1<54::AID-JSO10>3.0.CO;2-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3181ce1447"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200105000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cyt.12111"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cyt.12174"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2009.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/EP:11:4:365"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-012-1212-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","first-page":"1064","article-title":"Neuroendocrine tumours of the gallbladder: twelve cases in a single institution","volume":"57","author":"Lee JM","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"}],"container-title":["Cytopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fcyt.12239","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cyt.12239","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T01:03:09Z","timestamp":1696294989000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cyt.12239"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,18]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cyt.12239"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cyt.12239","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-5507","1365-2303"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-5507","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2303","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,18]]}}}