{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T06:25:57Z","timestamp":1792304757304,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,28]],"date-time":"2016-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1461801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cytopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pseudomyxoma peritonei (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMP<\/jats:styled-content>) is a rare clinical syndrome characterised by distension of the peritoneum by jelly\u2010like ascites. Cytological evaluation of peritoneal fluid is often an initial diagnostic test for possible ovarian and\/or appendiceal primary tumours.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims and objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present work was conducted to study the usefulness of peritoneal fluid cytomorphology in the early diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMP<\/jats:styled-content> and to evaluate the significance of the presence of epithelial cell (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EC<\/jats:styled-content>) clusters and their prognostic implications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We evaluated the detailed cytological features of 21 cases of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMP<\/jats:styled-content> retrospectively. Both conventional and liquid\u2010based cytology smears of peritoneal fluid were reviewed, cytological features were compared with histological findings and cases were classified into disseminated peritoneal adenomucinosis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DPAM<\/jats:styled-content>) and peritoneal mucinous carcinomatosis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMCA<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In our study, the common causes of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMP<\/jats:styled-content> were primary gastrointestinal malignancies (appendix and colorectal, 57.14%), followed by primary ovarian mucinous neoplasms (28.57%) and synchronous ovarian and appendicular tumours (14.28%). Thick mucinous material was present in all cases (100%). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EC<\/jats:styled-content>s were present in 18 of 21 (85.17%) patients, with mild nuclear atypia in the majority of cases. Histiocytes, mesothelial cells and fibroblast\u2010like, spindle\u2010shaped cells with entrapped mucin were also noted in the background. The cases of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMCA<\/jats:styled-content> showed greater numbers of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EC<\/jats:styled-content> clusters in cytology smears and these patients had recurrent episodes of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMP<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>On cytomorphology, high\u2010grade tumours were more cellular and frequently showed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EC<\/jats:styled-content> clusters with moderate to severe atypia, prominent nucleoli and mitosis, and were more prone to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMCA<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cyt.12331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,28]],"date-time":"2016-04-28T09:38:56Z","timestamp":1461836336000},"page":"418-426","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Significance of epithelial cell clusters in pseudomyxoma peritonei"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"R. 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