{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T08:57:28Z","timestamp":1790067448873,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,20]],"date-time":"2017-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cytopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary objective of this study was to describe the cytological findings of bowel and (penile) skin\u2010lined neovaginas in patients with gender dysphoria (GD) and individuals with a congenital or acquired absence of a natural vagina. The secondary objective was to correlate the cytological findings with clinical characteristics such as oestrogen replacement therapy (ERT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective review of an institutional pathology archive over a 15\u2010year\u2010period was performed to identify cytological samples of neovaginal vaults. The medical and surgical records of the patients identified (n=20) were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Well\u2010preserved nucleated squamous cells were found in 70% (14\/20) of patients. Neovaginal samples showing superficial, intermediate and parabasal cells plus D\u00f6derlein flora similar to normal cervical cytology were present in only 10% (2\/20). Three samples (15%, 3\/20) showed atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC\u2010US) that were all negative for high\u2010risk human papillomavirus (HR\u2010HPV) types, whereas one case was positive for low\u2010risk (LR) HPV. One patient (5%, 1\/20) was diagnosed with an HR\u2010HPV\u2010positive high\u2010grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and one patient (5%, 1\/20) had an HR\u2010 and LR\u2010HPV\u2010positive low\u2010grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL). The correlation between the presence of nucleated squamous cells and ERT was significant (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =.032).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cytological findings of the neovagina resemble normal cervical cytology with superficial, intermediate and parabasal cells as well as D\u00f6derlein bacilli in a minority of cases. Because precancerous lesions and invasive carcinoma may develop in the neovagina, patients with neovaginas should be subject to cancer screening programmes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cyt.12417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,20]],"date-time":"2017-02-20T01:42:42Z","timestamp":1487554962000},"page":"184-191","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Cytology of the neovagina in transgender women and individuals with congenital or acquired absence of a natural vagina"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Grosse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Pathology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Grosse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Kepler University Hospital Linz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Lenggenhager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Pathology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Bode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Pathology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"U.","family":"Camenisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Pathology, Diagnostic Molecular Pathology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Bode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Pathology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15532739.2010.509202"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"628717","article-title":"Mayer\u2010rokitansky\u2010kuster\u2010hauser syndrome: embryology, genetics and clinical and surgical treatment","volume":"2013","author":"Pizzo A","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2006.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-0737"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/jcrpe.v3i2.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/638919"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"368","volume-title":"The Principles and Art of Plastic Surgery","author":"Gillies H","year":"1957"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2007.00580.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2303.2009.00663.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000331973"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.2840130106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-11074-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cyt.12300"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2006.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2004.12.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.2001.6417"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.2000.5754"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.1067"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"24","article-title":"Adenocarcinoma in a sigmoid neovagina 22 years after Wertheim\u2010Meigs operation. 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