{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T17:54:51Z","timestamp":1789667691676,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,22]],"date-time":"2017-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1511308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cytopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This review summarises molecular pathological techniques applicable to thyroid <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FNA<\/jats:styled-content>. The molecular pathology of thyroid tumours is now fairly well understood. Molecular methods may be used as a rule\u2010in test for diagnosis of malignancy in thyroid nodules, eg <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BRAF<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> V600E point mutation, use of a seven\u2010gene mutational panel (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BRAF<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> V600E, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RAS<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> genes, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RET<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTC<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAX<\/jats:styled-content>8\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPARG<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> rearrangement), or as a comprehensive multigene next\u2010generation sequencing panel, eg ThyroSeq v2. Molecular methods can also be applied as rule\u2010out tests for malignancy in thyroid nodules, eg Afirma or ThyroSeq v2 or as markers of prognosis, eg <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TERT<\/jats:styled-content> promoter mutation or other gene mutations including <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BRAF<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> V600E, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TP<\/jats:styled-content>53<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AKT<\/jats:styled-content>1<\/jats:italic>, and as tests for newly defined tumour entities such as non\u2010invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary like nuclei, or as a molecular marker(s) for targeted therapies. This review describes practical examples of molecular techniques as applied to thyroid <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FNA<\/jats:styled-content> in routine clinical practice and the value of molecular diagnostics in thyroid <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FNA<\/jats:styled-content>. It describes the range of molecular abnormalities identified in thyroid nodules and thyroid cancers with some practical applications of molecular methods to diagnosis and prognosis of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cyt.12492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,22]],"date-time":"2017-11-22T11:05:20Z","timestamp":1511348720000},"page":"475-481","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Molecular pathology and thyroid <scp>FNA<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1926-4631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D. 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