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Information about new diagnostic approaches and ancillary studies in mesothelioma was obtained from the peer\u2010reviewed literature and the authors' experiences. Although the morphological diagnosis of mesothelioma is fraught with numerous challenges given the overlap with other diagnostic entities, there are a variety of immunohistochemical and fluorescence in situ hybridization studies available to help in determining mesothelial origin and in distinguishing malignant proliferations from the more common benign or reactive mesothelial proliferations. Although ancillary studies can be helpful, there are important pitfalls to be aware of when interpreting these cases, and this review highlights some of the challenges that require caution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cyt.13055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T08:37:36Z","timestamp":1630485456000},"page":"57-64","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["State\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art cytology of pleural fluid, focusing on the diagnosis of mesothelioma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Sara E.","family":"Monaco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"System Director of Cytopathology Department of Laboratory Medicine Geisinger Medical Center Danville PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luka","family":"Brcic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of Graz Institute of 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