{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T11:11:53Z","timestamp":1778757113965,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cytopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The management of cutaneous melanoma has changed dramatically in recent years thanks to the development of tyrosine kinase and immune\u2010checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Thus, multiple biomarker testing is becoming ever more important for the identification of patients who are potentially eligible for these treatments. One reliable approach to the molecular evaluation of metastatic melanoma is fine needle cytology (FNC). To examine the utility of this approach for assessing PD\u2010L1 expression levels, we evaluated the cellular adequacy of residual cell block (CB) material from metastatic melanomas that were previously tested for <jats:italic>BRAF<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>NRAS<\/jats:italic> mutations<jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrieved from our internal archives a series of FNC samples of metastatic melanoma that had been subjected to molecular testing on residual CB material or a dedicated needle rinse between January 2016 and July 2022. Real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction was used to assess <jats:italic>BRAF<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>NRAS<\/jats:italic> status, and an SP263 assay was employed to ascertain PD\u2010L1 expression levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a019 cases were selected. Of these, 11 (57.9%) cases revealed a <jats:italic>BRAF<\/jats:italic> exon 15 p.V600E mutation, one case (5.3%) revealed <jats:italic>NRAS<\/jats:italic> mutation, and seven cases (36.8%) showed no mutations. Regarding PD\u2010L1 assessment, 16\/19 (84.2%) cases were deemed adequate, meaning they contained at least 100 viable cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We highlighted the feasibility of assessing PD\u2010L1 expression levels in residual CB material from metastatic melanomas previously tested for <jats:italic>BRAF<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>NRAS<\/jats:italic> mutations. Moreover, we pointed out that FNC needle rinses may be an alternative source of nucleic acids for molecular testing, preserving CB material for immunocytochemistry evaluation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cyt.13211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T03:04:52Z","timestamp":1674183892000},"page":"198-203","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Multiple predictive biomarker testing in melanoma: Another challenge in identifying the optimal approach on cytological samples"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Antonino","family":"Iaccarino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health University of Naples \"Federico II\"  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariantonia","family":"Nacchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health 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