{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T21:37:55Z","timestamp":1789767475244,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,28]],"date-time":"2023-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cytopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cancer stem cells have been described in lung adenocarcinoma\u2010associated malignant pleural effusion. They show clinically important features, including the ability to initiate new tumours and resistance to treatments. However, their correlation with the three\u2010dimensional tumour structures in the effusion is not well understood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cell blocks produced from lung adenocarcinoma patients' pleural effusion were examined for cancer stem cell\u2010related markers Nanog and CD133 using immunocytochemistry. The three\u2010dimensional cancer cell structures and CD133 expression patterns were visualized with tissue\u2010clearing technology. The expression patterns were correlated with tumour cell structures, genetic variants and clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010nine patients were analysed. Moderate\u2010to\u2010strong Nanog expression was detected in 27 cases (69%), while CD133 was expressed by more than 1% of cancer cells in 11 cases (28%). Nanog expression was more homogenous within individual specimens, while CD133 expression was detected in single tumour cells or cells within small clusters instead of larger structures in 8 of the 11 positive cases (73%). Although no statistically significant correlation between the markers and tumour genetic variants or patient survival was observed, we recorded seven cases with follow\u2010up specimens after cancer treatment, and four (57%) showed a change in stem cell\u2010related marker expression corresponding to treatment response.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lung adenocarcinoma cells in the pleural effusion show variable expression of cancer stem cell\u2010related markers, some showing a correlation with the size of cell clusters. Their expression level is potentially correlated with cancer treatment effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cyt.13321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,28]],"date-time":"2023-10-28T08:20:12Z","timestamp":1698481212000},"page":"105-112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Heterogeneity of cancer stem cell\u2010related marker expression is associated with three\u2010dimensional structures in malignant pleural effusion produced by lung adenocarcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9324-3196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yen\u2010Yu","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University  New Taipei City Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine Fu Jen Catholic University  New Taipei City 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