{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T03:27:49Z","timestamp":1778642869273,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cytopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To analyse the diagnostic role of trefoil factor\u20101 and \u20103 (TFF1, TFF3), forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1), carbonic anhydrase XII (CA XII) and trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1 (TRPS1) in serous effusions. The prognostic role of these markers in breast carcinoma was additionally studied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Protein expression by immunohistochemistry was analysed in 247 effusions, consisting of 60 breast carcinomas, 54 tubo\u2010ovarian carcinomas, 47 mesotheliomas, 44 lung carcinomas, 20 uterine corpus and cervical carcinomas, 17 gastrointestinal carcinomas and 5 cancers of other origin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>TFF1, TFF3, FOXA1, CA XII and TRPS1 expression was found in 67%, 70%, 88%, 82% and 83% of breast carcinomas, respectively. Expression of all markers was seen in some carcinomas of other origin, most commonly in GI metastases, but was least frequent for TRPS1. CA XII expression was additionally seen in mesotheliomas and reactive mesothelial cells. All 5 markers were significantly overexpressed in breast compared to tubo\u2010ovarian carcinoma (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and lung carcinoma (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001 except for FOXA1, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.023). TFF1 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003), TFF3 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008) and FOXA1 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.017) expression was significantly higher in receptor\u2010positive compared to receptor\u2010negative primary breast carcinomas. In survival analysis for 44 breast carcinoma patients with clinical data, TFF1 expression was associated with a trend for longer overall (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.096) and disease\u2010free (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.06) survival.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>TFF1, TFF3, FOXA1, CA XII and TRPS1 are sensitive breast carcinoma markers, with FOXA1 performing best in terms of sensitivity and TRPS1 being the most specific. Whether the expression of these markers in breast carcinoma effusions is informative of survival merits further research.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cyt.13489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T03:47:39Z","timestamp":1743738459000},"page":"408-417","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Diagnostic Role of <scp>TFF1<\/scp>, <scp>TFF3<\/scp>, <scp>FOXA1<\/scp>, <scp>CA XII<\/scp> and <scp>TRPS1<\/scp> in Serous Effusions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3332-8427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben","family":"Davidson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Norwegian Radium Hospital  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arild","family":"Holth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Norwegian Radium Hospital  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremias","family":"Wohlschlaeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Academic Teaching Hospitals Flensburg DIAKO Hospital gGmbH  Flensburg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University Hospital Essen University of Duisburg\u2010Essen  Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Pinamonti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University Hospital Cattinara  Trieste Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8406-9491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Binnur","family":"\u00d6nal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Pathology Laboratory, Ac\u0131badem Healthcare Group Ac\u0131badem University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"49","volume-title":"Serous Effusions \u2010 Etiology, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapy","author":"Davidson B.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2022-0464-RA"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAP.0000000000000409"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2010.01019.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2011.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","volume-title":"Female Genital Tumours. 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