{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T11:08:38Z","timestamp":1780484918069,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cytopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to analyze the morphological characteristics of cells observed in pleural effusion cytology specimens using computer\u2010assisted image analysis (CAIA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We examined 166 pleural effusion cytology specimens obtained for suspected lung cancer, including 80 negative, 22 suspicious and 64 positive cases. Whole\u2010slide images (WSIs) were generated from Papanicolaou\u2010stained specimens, and image analysis was performed using virtual slide cytology image analysis software. A scatter plot was then created, with the\n                      <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010axis representing the area of each cell or cell cluster and the\n                      <jats:italic>y<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010axis representing the maximum nuclear area within that cluster. The resulting plot type and the positive rate (PR) were subsequently evaluated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Four distinct plot types were defined from the scatter plots: small cluster type (S\u2010type), horizontal type (H\u2010type), vertical type (V\u2010type) and diagonal type (D\u2010type). Overall, S\u2010type and H\u2010type patterns were commonly observed in non\u2010cancer or cytologically negative cases, whereas V\u2010type and D\u2010type patterns predominated in cytologically positive cases. In suspicious cases, S\u2010type and V\u2010type plots each accounted for roughly half of the samples. The PR was significantly higher in cytologically positive cases relative to non\u2010cancer and cytologically negative cases (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In pleural cytology specimens from patients with lung cancer, the degree of cell aggregation and nuclear overlap is an important factor for distinguishing benign from malignant lesions. Moreover, although AI\u2010based image analysis has advanced rapidly in recent years, this study emphasizes the continued value of CAIA approaches that employ algorithms readily interpretable by humans.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cyt.70071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T09:49:11Z","timestamp":1774345751000},"page":"371-381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Two\u2010Dimensional Plot of Cell Aggregates and Their Largest Nuclei Distinguishes Benign From Malignant Pleural Effusion Cytology Specimens"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Rio","family":"Kaneko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Histopathology and Cytopathology, Department of Laboratory Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences Gunma University  Maebashi Gunma Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayaka","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Histopathology and Cytopathology, Department of Laboratory Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences Gunma University  Maebashi Gunma Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayato","family":"Ikota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Pathology Gunma University Hospital  Maebashi Gunma Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rio","family":"Shibanuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Histopathology and Cytopathology, Department of Laboratory Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences Gunma University  Maebashi Gunma Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshimi","family":"Nishijima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Histopathology and Cytopathology, Department of Laboratory Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences Gunma University  Maebashi Gunma Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Hisada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Rehabilitation Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences Gunma University  Maebashi Gunma Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideaki","family":"Yokoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine Gunma University  Maebashi Gunma Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8297-7226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masanao","family":"Saio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Histopathology and Cytopathology, Department of Laboratory Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences Gunma University  Maebashi Gunma Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2021.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e318206a221"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11748-019-01170-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(01)00718-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12496"},{"issue":"21","key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","first-page":"377","article-title":"Pleural Effusion in Adults\u2010Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment","volume":"116","author":"Jany B.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Deutsches \u00c4rzteblatt International"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/amj-2019-mpe-05"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","first-page":"11","volume-title":"Thoracic Tumours","author":"Board WCoTE","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/2950751"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40041-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0177-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","first-page":"191","volume-title":"Color Atras of Differential Diagnosis in Exfoliative and Aspiration Cytolpathology","author":"Kini S. 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