{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T05:16:03Z","timestamp":1788412563103,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cytopathology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cytological evaluation of effusion fluids is a rapid and minimally invasive method for detecting malignancy; however, distinguishing malignant cells from reactive mesothelial cells remains challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of micronucleus scoring and tumour cell cannibalism in differentiating benign and malignant effusions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective observational study included 100 pleural and ascitic fluid samples. Smears were prepared, stained with May\u2013Gr\u00fcnwald\u2013Giemsa, and examined by light microscopy. Micronucleus scoring was performed by counting the number of micronucleated cells among 1000 well\u2010preserved cells in each case, according to the method described by Ganesan et\u00a0al. Tumour cell cannibalism was also quantified on the cytological smears.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 100 cases, 49 were benign and 51 were malignant on histopathological examination. The mean micronucleus score was significantly higher in malignant effusions than in benign effusions (17.88\u2009\u00b1\u20094.50 vs. 2.31\u2009\u00b1\u20090.59 per 1000 cells;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.02). Tumour cell cannibalism was identified in six malignant effusions and was absent in all benign effusions. Conventional cytological examination correctly identified 48 of 51 malignant cases and all 49 benign cases, yielding a sensitivity of 94.1%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100% and negative predictive value of 94.2%.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Micronucleus scores are significantly higher in malignant effusions than in benign effusions and may provide an objective adjunct to routine cytomorphological assessment. Tumour cell cannibalism is highly specific for malignancy but occurs infrequently. Quantitative evaluation of these features may aid the diagnostic assessment of effusion cytology, particularly in resource\u2010limited settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cyt.70127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T04:29:12Z","timestamp":1788409752000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Micronucleus Formation and Tumour Cell Cannibalism in Effusion Cytology: Diagnostic Utility in Differentiating Benign and Malignant Effusions"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Akansha","family":"Gautam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ritu","family":"Nain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2413-464X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shikhar","family":"Chohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Maharaja Agrasen Sat Narain Gupta Hospital  Nuna Majra, Bahadurgarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8044-4327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sufian","family":"Zaheer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8940-1331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sachin","family":"Kolte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21037\/jxym-20-66","article-title":"Role of Conventional Cytology and Cell Block Methods for Diagnosis of Malignant Pleural Effusions","volume":"5","author":"Chiatamone Ranieri S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Xiangya Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9371.80736","article-title":"Cell Cannibalism: A Cytological Study in Effusion Samples","volume":"28","author":"Bansal C.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Cytology"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3161","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2017.08.52","article-title":"A Comparative Study of Conventional Cytology and Cell Block Method in the Diagnosis of Pleural Effusion","volume":"9","author":"Assawasaksakul T.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Thoracic Disease"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic Cytology and Its Histopathologic Bases","author":"oss L. G.","year":"1992"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9371.41891","article-title":"Pleural Fluid Analysis \u2013 Role in Diagnosing Pleural Malignancy","volume":"24","author":"Gaur D. S.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Cytology"},{"issue":"936","key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1136\/pmj.79.936.569","article-title":"Serous Effusions: Diagnosis of Malignancy Beyond Cytomorphology. An Analytic Review","volume":"79","author":"Mohanty S. K.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Postgraduate Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","article-title":"The Bird's Eye Cell: Cannibalism or Abnormal Division of Tumor Cells","volume":"25","author":"Bauchwitz M. A.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta Cytologica"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","first-page":"265","article-title":"Cytological Evaluation and Significance of Cell Cannibalism in Effusions and Urine Cytology","volume":"37","author":"Ahmed Wani F.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Malaysian Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/JOC.JOC_42_19"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.4103\/JOC.JOC_178_16","article-title":"Validating Micronucleus Score in Effusion Fluids","volume":"34","author":"Ganesan N.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Cytology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","first-page":"89","article-title":"Micronuclei With Multiple Copies of the X Chromosome: Do Chromosomes Replicate in Micronuclei?","volume":"554","author":"Leach N. T.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mutation Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","first-page":"271","article-title":"The Human MicroNucleus Project\u2010An International Collaborative Study on the Use of the Micronucleus Technique for Measuring DNA Damage in Humans","volume":"428","author":"Fenech M.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mutation Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.21168","article-title":"Micronucleus to Distinguish Adenocarcinoma From Reactive Mesothelial Cell in Effusion Fluid","volume":"38","author":"Kaur J.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diagnostic Cytopathology"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.23249","article-title":"Analysis of Morphological Markers of Chromosomal Instability in Ascitic Fluid","volume":"43","author":"Tyagi R.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diagnostic Cytopathology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","first-page":"354","article-title":"Increased Micronucleus Count Predicts Malignant Behavior in Pleural Effusion Fluid","volume":"48","author":"K\u00f6kenek \u00dcnal T. D.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2007.09.014","article-title":"Cannibalism: A Way to Feed on Metastatic Tumors","volume":"258","author":"Fais S.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Letters"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.10234","article-title":"Cell Cannibalism: Diagnostic Marker of Malignancy","volume":"28","author":"Gupta K.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diagnostic Cytopathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1159\/000332169","article-title":"Clinical Significance of \u2018Cannibalism\u2019 in Urine Cytology of Bladder Cancer","volume":"42","author":"Kojima S.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Cytologica"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","first-page":"277","article-title":"The Exfoliative Cytology of Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma in Peritoneal Fluid","volume":"25","author":"Hong I. S.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta Cytologica"}],"container-title":["Cytopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cyt.70127","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/cyt.70127","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cyt.70127","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T04:29:15Z","timestamp":1788409755000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cyt.70127"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"references-count":19,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cyt.70127"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cyt.70127","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-5507","1365-2303"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-5507","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2303","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"cyt.70127"}}