{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:52:13Z","timestamp":1791262333664,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008980","name":"Medical College of Wisconsin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2UL1TR001436"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2UL1TR001436"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008980","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cytopathology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anal cancer screening consensus guidelines were released in 2024. Although anal cytology and high\u2010risk human papillomavirus (HPV) tests are currently performed in a clinic by a healthcare provider, there is increasing interest in providing individuals with the option to collect a sample themselves. Our objective was to compare the performance characteristics and acceptability of a swab inserted at two different depths for anal cytology self\u2010sampling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We recruited sexual and gender minority individuals to complete anal cytology self\u2010sampling and a survey. Participants were randomized to either a 3\u2010 or 5\u2010cm insertion depth, then given a demonstration and a kit to complete onsite in a private bathroom. Cytopathology and reflex HPV testing were conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty individuals completed anal cytology self\u2010sampling and a post\u2010swab survey, with 23 participants randomized to the 5\u2010cm insertion depth and 27 participants randomized to the 3\u2010cm depth. Although not significant, the proportion of cytologically adequate specimens was higher with a 5\u2010cm insertion (87.0%, 95% CI 66.4%\u201397.2%) compared to a 3\u2010cm insertion (70.4%, 95% CI 49.8%\u201386.2%). A higher proportion of specimens collected squamocolumnar junction cells with the 5\u2010cm insertion depth (47.8%, 95% CI 26.8%\u201369.4%) compared to the 3\u2010cm insertion (29.6%, 95% CI 13.8%\u201350.2%) though this difference was non\u2010significant. Acceptability was high and not associated with insertion depth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Swabs inserted 5\u2009cm for anal cytology self\u2010sampling collected a non\u2010significantly higher proportion of cytologically adequate and squamocolumnar junction cells compared to 3\u2009cm, with no difference in acceptability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      : NCT07085845\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cyt.70129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:11:34Z","timestamp":1791259894000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Testing Cytological Adequacy and Insertion Depth for Anal Self\u2010Sampling: A Pilot Intervention Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5651-8501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenna","family":"Nitkowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8557-4465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aniruddha","family":"Hazra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Infectious Diseases and Global Health The University of Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0714-5037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Craig","family":"Messick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surgical Oncology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Ridolfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Colorectal Surgery Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melinda","family":"Stolley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"McAuliffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Community Health and Intervention Research Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bridgett","family":"Brzezinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2020-9904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan G.","family":"Nyitray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Center for Community Health and Intervention Research Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34850"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/SH12003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-11074-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34553"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.21730"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2025.104925"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.35133"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02605754","article-title":"The Length of the Anal Canal","volume":"24","author":"Nivatvongs S.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Diseases of the Colon & Rectum"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.70041"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0000000000000885"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-149-5-200809020-00004"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200408010-00004","article-title":"Self\u2010Collected Versus Clinician\u2010Collected Anal Cytology Specimens to Diagnose Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia in HIV\u2010Positive Men","volume":"36","author":"Cranston R. D.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes"}],"container-title":["Cytopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cyt.70129","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/cyt.70129","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cyt.70129","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:11:36Z","timestamp":1791259896000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cyt.70129"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"references-count":14,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cyt.70129"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cyt.70129","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-5507","1365-2303"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-5507","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2303","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"cyt.70129"}}