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Opioid substitution treatment (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OST<\/jats:styled-content>) has been delivered in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ustralian community pharmacies since 1985. The effectiveness of pharmacy\u2010based <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OST<\/jats:styled-content> is evident and the demand is increasing; however, the participation rate of community pharmacies is low, with over 60% non\u2010providers. While previous <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ustralian studies have focused on perspectives of community pharmacists providing the service, the views of non\u2010providers have not yet been explored. This study aimed to further investigate factors influencing pharmacists' participation in provision of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OST<\/jats:styled-content> in the community pharmacy setting in New South Wales, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ustralia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Semi\u2010structured interviews were conducted with 35 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NSW<\/jats:styled-content> community pharmacists (20 providers, 15 non\u2010providers). Transcripts of interviews were thematically analysed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Factors influencing non\u2010providers were mainly stigma and fear, the nature of an opt\u2010in scheme, professionals' moral responsibilities, lack of awareness and knowledge, disproportionate distribution of clients and lack of financial support for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OST<\/jats:styled-content> clients. Providers were motivated by positive attitudes, functional relationships with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OST<\/jats:styled-content> clients\/stakeholders, professional satisfaction and financial rewards. Recommendations to improve participation in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OST<\/jats:styled-content> services were offered by both groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study explored views from both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OST<\/jats:styled-content> providers and non\u2010providers, revealing a number of previously undocumented barriers that affect the uptake of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OST<\/jats:styled-content> provision in New South Wales community pharmacies. There were also profound ethical issues raised for consideration. These findings may help inform future policies aimed at encouraging pharmacists' provision of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OST<\/jats:styled-content>, to address the unmet needs of the ever\u2010increasing number of heroin\u2010dependent clients in the community. <jats:italic>[Chaar BB, Wang H, Day CA, Hanrahan JR, Winstock AR, Fois R. Factors influencing pharmacy services in opioid substitution treatment. <\/jats:italic>Drug Alcohol Rev<jats:italic>2013;32:426\u2013434]<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,27]],"date-time":"2013-02-27T03:51:00Z","timestamp":1361937060000},"page":"426-434","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Factors influencing pharmacy services in opioid substitution treatment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Betty B.","family":"Chaar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Holly","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolyn A.","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Addiction Medicine Central Clinical School Sydney Medical School The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane R.","family":"Hanrahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam R.","family":"Winstock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry Kings College  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Romano","family":"Fois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2005.tb06624.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4066\/AMJ.2011.706"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09595230500286039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","volume-title":"Raw deal? 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