{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T13:17:36Z","timestamp":1789823856108,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,17]],"date-time":"2013-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1366156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The limited literature on pain in opioid\u2010treatment samples indicates that it is highly prevalent. Understanding the implications of pain on treatment outcomes is important, particularly in light of ageing opioid\u2010treatment cohorts. This study explores correlates of pain, including aberrant behaviours related to prescribed opioids. Our hypothesis is that pain may increase aberrant opioid\u2010related behaviours, including illicit substance use, among opioid\u2010dependent people.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined pain in methadone or buprenorphine patients (<jats:italic>n\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u2009141) from three treatment services. Measures included basic demographics, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>rief <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>ain <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>nventory, general mental health, physical health and quality of life measures, pain history and treatments, and an aberrant opioid\u2010related behaviour scale. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine correlates of pain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty percent reported current pain, measured with the first question of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>rief <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>ain <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>nventory. Correlates of pain were depression ratings [adjusted odds ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>) 2.24, 95% confidence interval (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>) 1.04, 4.83], anxiety ratings (adjusted <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 4.29, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.88, 9.80) and self\u2010reported health ratings (adjusted <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.35, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.16, 0.76). Contrary to our hypothesis, pain was not associated with greater use of illicit opioids, nor any aberrant opioid\u2010related behaviours. Pain was comparable among methadone and buprenorphine patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The lack of association with pain and aberrant behaviours suggest that it should not be assumed that those in opioid treatment misuse medications in response to pain. The high prevalence of depression\/anxiety symptoms indicates a need for further work with larger samples to explore pain and co\u2010morbidity among opioid\u2010dependent people. <jats:italic>[Nielsen S, Larance B, Lintzeris N, Black E, Bruno R, Murnion B, Dunlop A, Degenhardt L. Correlates of pain in an in\u2010treatment sample of opioid\u2010dependent people.<\/jats:italic> Drug Alcohol Rev <jats:italic>2013;32:489\u2013494]<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,18]],"date-time":"2013-04-18T02:54:13Z","timestamp":1366253653000},"page":"489-494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Correlates of pain in an in\u2010treatment sample of opioid\u2010dependent people"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Addiction Medicine The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Briony","family":"Larance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre University of New South Wales  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Lintzeris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South East Sydney Local Health District University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre University of New South Wales  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raimondo","family":"Bruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Tasmania  Hobart Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bridin","family":"Murnion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addiction Medicine Royal Prince Alfred Hospital The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Dunlop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug and Alcohol Clinical Services Hunter New England Local Health District University of Newcastle  Newcastle Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louisa","family":"Degenhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre University of New South Wales  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Health Policy, Programs and Economics School of Population Health University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490902772470"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.18.2370"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(99)00144-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2012.02714.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X1103900505"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03016532"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-144-2-200601170-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2012.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03550070084043"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","volume-title":"National opioid pharmacotherapy statistics annual data collection: 2011 report","author":"AIHW","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2005.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1747-597X-6-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2012.05.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"129","article-title":"Pain assessment: global use of the Brief Pain Inventory","volume":"23","author":"Cleeland CS","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med Singapore"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","volume-title":"Manual for the depression anxiety stress scales","author":"Lovibond SH","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000164374.32229.A2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","volume-title":"The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)\u2010BREF","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","unstructured":"MattickRP LaranceB BrunoR et\u2009al. eds.Minimising the unintended consequences of opioid treatment: development of a drug behaviour scale for use in Australia. 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