{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T16:28:18Z","timestamp":1778603298814,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,28]],"date-time":"2013-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Introduction and Aims<\/jats:title>The injection of illicit drugs in public spaces is known to pose significant health risks to people who inject drugs (IDU<\/jats:styled-content>). However, to our knowledge this practice has not been explored in the A<\/jats:styled-content>sian context. Therefore, we sought to characterise the prevalence of and factors associated with public injecting among a community\u2010recruited sample of IDU<\/jats:styled-content> in B<\/jats:styled-content>angkok, T<\/jats:styled-content>hailand.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design and Methods<\/jats:title>Data were derived from the M<\/jats:styled-content>itsampan C<\/jats:styled-content>ommunity R<\/jats:styled-content>esearch P<\/jats:styled-content>roject between J<\/jats:styled-content>uly and O<\/jats:styled-content>ctober 2011. Using multivariate logistic regression, this cross\u2010sectional study examined the prevalence and correlates of public injecting within the past six months among 437 IDU<\/jats:styled-content> participants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>In total, 121 (27.7%) participants reported injecting drugs in a public space within the past six months. In multivariate analyses, public drug injection was independently associated with male gender [adjusted odds ratio (AOR<\/jats:styled-content>) 2.51, 95% confidence interval (CI)<\/jats:styled-content>) 1.29\u20135.22], weekly heroin injection (AOR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.19, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.27\u20133.77), assisted injection (AOR<\/jats:styled-content> 1.93, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.06\u20133.49), rushed injection (AOR<\/jats:styled-content> 4.36, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 2.65\u20137.24), incarceration (AOR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.27, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.01\u20135.04) and noticing police presence where drugs are bought or used (AOR<\/jats:styled-content> 1.83, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.06\u20133.19).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Discussion and Conclusion<\/jats:title>A substantial proportion of T<\/jats:styled-content>hai IDU<\/jats:styled-content> in our sample reported recent public drug injection. This behaviour was independently associated with a wide range of individual and contextual factors that pose significant health and safety risks to the IDU<\/jats:styled-content>. These findings highlight the importance of addressing the broader social and physical risk environment surrounding IDU<\/jats:styled-content> as a means of preventing negative health outcomes among this population. [Leung LTF, Ti L, Hayashi K, Suwannawong P, Kaplan K, Wood E, Kerr T. Health and safety risks associated with public injecting among people who inject drugs in B<\/jats:styled-content>angkok, T<\/jats:styled-content>hailand.<\/jats:italic> Drug Alcohol Rev 2013;32:582\u2013587]<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,28]],"date-time":"2013-08-28T06:35:46Z","timestamp":1377671746000},"page":"582-587","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Health and safety risks associated with public injecting among people who inject drugs in B<\/scp>angkok, T<\/scp>hailand"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Leslie Tze Fung","family":"Leung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV\/AIDS St. Paul's Hospital Vancouver Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lianping","family":"Ti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV\/AIDS St. Paul's Hospital Vancouver Canada"},{"name":"School of Population & Public Health University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kanna","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV\/AIDS St. Paul's Hospital Vancouver Canada"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Studies Graduate Program University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paisan","family":"Suwannawong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mitsampan Harm Reduction Center\/Thai AIDS Treatment Action Group Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karyn","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mitsampan Harm Reduction Center\/Thai AIDS Treatment Action Group Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evan","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV\/AIDS St. Paul's Hospital Vancouver Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Kerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV\/AIDS St. Paul's Hospital Vancouver Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2007.069013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01556.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2006.11.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-005-1679-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/320879"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2004.12.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2007.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2005.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-698X-11-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","unstructured":"Human Rights Watch.Deadly denial: Barriers to HIV\/AIDS treatment for people who use drugs in Thailand.2007;19(17):1\u201357. 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