{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T16:13:39Z","timestamp":1696522419116},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,21]],"date-time":"2013-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1384992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The non\u2010medical use of pharmaceutical opioids is associated with a range of negative health consequences, including the development of dependence, emergency room presentations and overdose deaths.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Drawing on life history data from a broader qualitative study of the non\u2010medical use of painkillers, this brief report presents two cases of transitions from recreational or non\u2010medical pharmaceutical opioid use to intravenous heroin use by young adults in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ustralia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although our study was not designed to assess whether recreational oxycodone use is causally linked to transitions to intravenous use, polyopioid use places individuals at high risk for progression to heroin and injecting. Our first case, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>ake, used a range of analgesics before he transitioned to intravenous use, and the first drug he injected was methadone. Our second case, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>mma, engaged in a broad spectrum of polydrug use, involving a range of opioid preparations, as well as benzodiazepines, cannabis and alcohol. Both cases transitioned from oral to intravenous pharmaceutical opioids use and subsequent intravenous heroin use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These cases represent the first documented reports of transitions from the non\u2010medical or recreational use of oxycodone to intravenous heroin use in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ustralia. As such, they represent an important starting point for the examination of pharmaceutical opioids as a pathway to injecting drug use among young <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ustralians and highlight the need for further research designed to identify pharmaceutical opioids users at risk of transitions to injecting and to develop interventions designed to prevent or delay these transitions. <jats:italic>[<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>ertadian <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>aher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>. From oxycodone to heroin: Two cases of transitioning opioid use in young <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ustralians. <\/jats:italic>Drug Alcohol Rev<jats:italic> 2014;33:102\u2013104]<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,21]],"date-time":"2013-11-21T05:57:35Z","timestamp":1385013455000},"page":"102-104","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["From oxycodone to heroin: Two cases of transitioning opioid use in young <scp>A<\/scp>ustralians"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"George C.","family":"Dertadian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Culture and Society University of Western Sydney  Penrith Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Maher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute Faculty of Medicine University of New South Wales  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2008\/11\/S63"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","volume-title":"Prescription painkillers: history, pharmacology, and treatment","author":"Seppala MD","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J233v04n02_05"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","volume-title":"Results from the 2010 national survey on drug use and health: summary of national findings","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","unstructured":"Prevention CfDCa.CDC Grand Rounds: Prescription Drug Overdoses\u2014a US Epidemic. (2012). Available at:cdc.gov\/mmwr\/preview\/mmwrhtml\/mm6101a3.htm?wvsessionid=wv115d62a345b04e2592b74b27aba29cb1(accessed September 2013)."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp068010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0b013e3181e0364e"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2011.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2009.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490701375293"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0013628"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2012.03803.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10826080903080664"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","unstructured":"The Royal Australasian College of Physicians.Prescription Opioid Policy: Improving Management of Chronic Non\u2010malignant Pain and Prevention of Problems Associated with Prescription Opioid Use.2009."}],"container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fdar.12093","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dar.12093","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T11:16:55Z","timestamp":1696331815000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dar.12093"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,21]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dar.12093"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dar.12093","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-5236","1465-3362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-5236","type":"print"},{"value":"1465-3362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-09-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-10-30","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-11-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}