{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T01:23:20Z","timestamp":1790731400655,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,11]],"date-time":"2014-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1394496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ustralian public's understandings of addiction to alcohol and heroin and the factors predicting support for the idea that these types of addiction are \u2018diseases\u2019 and specifically \u2018brain diseases\u2019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were collected as part of the 2012 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Q<\/jats:styled-content>ueensland <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>ocial <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>urvey, a computer\u2010assisted telephone interview of 1263 residents of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Q<\/jats:styled-content>ueensland, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ustralia. Participants were presented with scenarios of two addicted persons, one who was addicted to heroin and the other addicted to alcohol. Participants were asked a series of questions about different definitions and causes of addiction for both characters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Over half of the respondents thought that addiction is a disease (alcohol: 67%, heroin: 53%), but fewer (alcohol: 34%, heroin: 33%) believed that addiction is a brain disease. Belief that addiction has biological causes predicted agreement that addiction is a disease [alcohol: odds ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2009<jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic>\u20093.05 (2.15\u20134.31), heroin: <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009<jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic>\u20093.99 (2.82\u20135.65)] and a brain disease [alcohol: <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009<jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic>\u20094.97 (3.42\u20137.22), heroin: <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009<jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic>\u200914.12 (9.23\u201321.61)]. Women were more likely than men to agree that addiction is a disease [alcohol: <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009<jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic>\u20091.79 (1.35\u20132.38), heroin: <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009<jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic>\u20091.40 (1.09\u20131.81)] as were those 35 years of age and older [alcohol: <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009<jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic>\u20092.25 (1.50\u20133.40), heroin: <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009<jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic>\u20091.50 (1.01\u20132.24)].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is more public support for the idea that addiction is a \u2018disease\u2019 than for the more specific claim that it is a \u2018brain disease\u2019. Support for a biological aetiology of addiction predicted higher levels of agreement with both disease concepts. [Meurk C, Partridge B, Carter A, Hall W, Morphett K, Lucke J. Public attitudes in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ustralia towards the claim that addiction is a (brain) disease. <jats:italic>Drug Alcohol Rev<\/jats:italic> 2014;33:272\u2013279]<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,11]],"date-time":"2014-03-11T10:14:53Z","timestamp":1394532893000},"page":"272-279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Public attitudes in <scp>A<\/scp>ustralia towards the claim that addiction is a (brain) disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Carla","family":"Meurk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UQ Centre for Clinical Research The University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brad","family":"Partridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UQ Centre for Clinical Research The University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UQ Centre for Clinical Research The University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayne","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UQ Centre for Clinical Research The University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kylie","family":"Morphett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UQ Centre for Clinical Research The University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayne","family":"Lucke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UQ Centre for Clinical Research The University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1539"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5335.45"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Diagnosis as category and process: the case of alcoholism","volume":"12","author":"Blaxter M","year":"1978","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-6237.2011.00822.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03158.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctvjf9xd9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/S1057-6290(2012)0000014006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0952695110371598"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867412438873"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21507740.2013.796328"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2013.00024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2009.02739.x","article-title":"What neurobiology cannot tell us about addiction","volume":"105","author":"Kalant H","year":"2009","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Views of addiction neuroscientists and clinicians on the clinical impact of a \u2018brain disease model of addiction","author":"Bell S","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroethics"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","volume-title":"Addiction neuroethics: the promises and perils of neuroscience research on addiction","author":"Carter A","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/S1057-6290(2011)0000013011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963662513476812"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","volume-title":"What's wrong with addiction?","author":"Keane H","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Public understandings of addiction: where does neurobiological information fit?","author":"Meurk C","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroethics"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","unstructured":"ABS.Census of Population and Housing: 2011 Census Tables: Queensland B04 AGE BY SEX (Population greater than or equal to 18 years). 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