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The largest number of fatalities was related to intake of heroin (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009776), followed by methadone (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009342) and buprenorphine (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009168). The total annual number of fatal cases related to the studied drugs more than doubled (116 to 255) during the study period. There were increases in mortality related to both buprenorphine and methadone: from 1 to 49 cases for buprenorphine, and from 19 to 81 cases for methadone. Only one\u2010fifth of the fatal cases had a filled prescription for the maintenance drug assessed as the cause of death.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study showed that most fatalities were not related to filled prescriptions of maintenance drugs, and a substantial illicit use of buprenorphine and methadone resulting in deaths was revealed. To prevent opioid toxicity deaths it is important to make efforts not only to reduce drug diversion from maintenance programs, but also to improve the control of drug trafficking and other illegal sources. <jats:italic>[Wikner BN, \u00d6hman I, Seld\u00e9n T, Druid H, Brandt L, Kieler H. Opioid\u2010related mortality and filled prescriptions for buprenorphine and methadone. <\/jats:italic>Drug Alcohol Rev<jats:italic> 2014;33:491\u2013498]<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,16]],"date-time":"2014-04-16T08:22:53Z","timestamp":1397636573000},"page":"491-498","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Opioid\u2010related mortality and filled prescriptions for buprenorphine and methadone"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Birgitta N.","family":"Wikner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology Karolinska Institute  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Inger","family":"\u00d6hman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology Karolinska Institute  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tor","family":"Seld\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Genetics and Forensic Toxicology National Board of Forensic Medicine  Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Druid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Medicine Laboratory Department of Oncology\u2013Pathology Karolinska Institute  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Brandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology Karolinska Institute  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helle","family":"Kieler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology Karolinska Institute  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0b013e318211c56a"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2012.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002207.pub3"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","article-title":"Methadone maintenance therapy versus no opioid replacement therapy for opioid dependence","author":"Mattick RP","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10550881003684798"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.02999.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c4851"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10408363.2011.620601"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.109.029546"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","unstructured":"Socialstyrelsen [National Board of Health and Welfare].Kartl\u00e4ggning av l\u00e4kemedelsassisterad behandling vid opiatberoende. 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