{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T05:23:10Z","timestamp":1770960190808,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,15]],"date-time":"2014-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1405382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Colonial Foundation Trust"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Legal thresholds for drug trafficking, over which possession of an illicit drug is deemed \u2018trafficking\u2019 as opposed to \u2018personal use\u2019, are employed in all <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ustralian states and territories excepting <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Q<\/jats:styled-content>ueensland. In this paper, we explore the extent to which people who regularly inject drugs understand such laws.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants from the seven affected states\/territories in the 2012 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>llicit <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>rug <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>eporting <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>ystem (<jats:italic>n\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u2009823) were asked about their legal knowledge of trafficking thresholds: whether, if arrested, quantity possessed would affect legal action taken; and the quantities of heroin, methamphetamine, cocaine and cannabis that would constitute an offence of supply. Data were compared against the actual laws to identify the accuracy of knowledge by drug type and state, and sociodemographics, use and purchasing patterns related to knowledge.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>llicit <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>rug <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>eporting <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>ystem participants (77%) correctly said that quantity possessed would affect charge received. However, only 55.8% nominated any specific quantity that would constitute an offence of supply, and of those 22.6% nominated a wrong quantity, namely a quantity that was larger than the actual quantity for supply (this varied by state and drug).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>People who regularly inject drugs have significant gaps in knowledge about <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ustralian legal thresholds for drug trafficking, particularly regarding the actual threshold quantities. This suggests that there may be a need to improve education for this population. Necessity for accurate knowledge would also be lessened by better design of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ustralian drug trafficking laws. <jats:italic>[Hughes CE, Ritter A, Cowdery N, Sindicich N. \u2018Trafficking\u2019 or \u2018personal use\u2019: Do people who regularly inject drugs understand <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ustralian drug trafficking laws?<\/jats:italic> Drug Alcohol Rev <jats:italic>2014;33:658\u2010666]<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,15]],"date-time":"2014-07-15T19:49:41Z","timestamp":1405453781000},"page":"658-666","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["\u2018Trafficking\u2019 or \u2018personal use\u2019: Do people who regularly inject drugs understand <scp>A<\/scp>ustralian drug trafficking laws?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Caitlin E.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Policy Modelling Program National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre The University of New South Wales  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Ritter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Policy Modelling Program National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre The University of New South Wales  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Cowdery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Law The University of New South Wales  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Sindicich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre The University of New South Wales  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Australian threshold quantities for \u2018drug trafficking\u2019: are they placing drug users at risk of unjustified sanction? 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