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This study aimed to compare patients presenting for treatment where either codeine or a strong pharmaceutical opioid (oxycodone or morphine) was the principal drug of concern to understand if codeine users may have unique treatment needs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective case review of 135 patients from three geographical areas in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>ew <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>outh <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>ales, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ustralia. Cases where the principal drug of concern was codeine (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200953) or a strong pharmaceutical opioid (oxycodone or morphine, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200982) were compared. Differences in demographic characteristics, pain history, mental health, substance use history and, subsequently, the treatment that was received were examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>People whose principal drug of concern was codeine were more likely to be female (66% vs. 37%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), employed (43% vs. 22%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and use only one pharmaceutical opioid (91% vs. 49%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). There was no difference in age between the codeine group (mean 38.6 years) and the strong opioid group (39.3 years). Opioid substitution therapy was the most common treatment received by both groups although codeine patients were more likely to be treated with buprenorphine than methadone (odds ratio\u2009=\u20097.7, 95% confidence interval 2.2\u201327.2, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and more likely to attempt withdrawal (odds ratio\u2009=\u20092.6, 95% confidence interval 1.2\u20135.3, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.010).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>There are important differences between codeine\u2010dependent patients and strong prescription opioid\u2010dependent patients. Further work should explore the outcomes of withdrawal versus maintenance treatment for codeine users. <jats:italic>[Nielsen S, Murnion B, Dunlop A, Degenhardt L, Demirkol A, Muhleisen P, Lintzeris N. Comparing treatment\u2010seeking codeine users and strong opioid users: Findings from a novel case series.<\/jats:italic> Drug Alcohol Rev<jats:italic> 2014]<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,29]],"date-time":"2014-12-29T15:58:28Z","timestamp":1419868708000},"page":"304-311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Comparing treatment\u2010seeking codeine users and strong opioid users: Findings from a novel case series"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre University of New South Wales  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Royal Prince Alfred Hospital University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Drug and Alcohol Services South Eastern Sydney Local Health District  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bridin","family":"Murnion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Prince Alfred Hospital University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Dunlop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug and Alcohol Services Hunter New England Local Health District  Newcastle Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Public Health Faculty of Health University of Newcastle  Newcastle Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louisa","family":"Degenhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre University of New South Wales  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Murdoch Children's Research Institute Royal Children's Hospital  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Department of Global Health School of Public Health University of Washington  Seattle USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Apo","family":"Demirkol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug and Alcohol Services South Eastern Sydney Local Health District  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health and Community Medicine University of New South Wales  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Muhleisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug and Alcohol Services Hunter New England Local Health District  Newcastle Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Lintzeris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Prince Alfred Hospital University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Drug and Alcohol Services South Eastern Sydney Local Health District  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"DegenhardtL LaranceB MathersB et\u2009al.Benefits and risks of pharmaceutical opioids: essential treatment and diverted medication. 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