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While gender differences in MMT<\/jats:styled-content> pharmacokinetics, drug use patterns and clinical profiles have been previously described, few studies have compared rates of MMT<\/jats:styled-content> use among community\u2010recruited samples of persons who inject drugs (PWID<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design and Methods<\/jats:title>The present study used prospective cohorts of PWID<\/jats:styled-content> followed between M<\/jats:styled-content>ay 1996 and M<\/jats:styled-content>ay 2013 in V<\/jats:styled-content>ancouver, B<\/jats:styled-content>ritish C<\/jats:styled-content>olumbia, C<\/jats:styled-content>anada. We investigated potential factors associated with time to methadone initiation using C<\/jats:styled-content>ox proportional hazards modelling. Stratified analyses were used to examine for gender differences in rates of MMT<\/jats:styled-content> enrolment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Overall, 1848 baseline methadone\u2010na\u00efve PWID<\/jats:styled-content> were included in the study, among whom 595 (32%) were female. In an adjusted model, male gender was independently associated with increased time to MMT<\/jats:styled-content> initiation and an overall lower rate of enrolment [adjusted relative hazard\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u20090.74 (95% confidence interval: 0.65\u20130.85)]. Among both female and male PWID<\/jats:styled-content>, C<\/jats:styled-content>aucasian ethnicity and daily injection heroin use were associated with decreased time to methadone initiation, while in females, pregnancy was also associated with more rapid initiation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title>These data highlight gender differences in methadone use among a population of community\u2010recruited PWID<\/jats:styled-content>. While factors associated with methadone use were similar between genders, rates of use were lower among male PWID<\/jats:styled-content>, highlighting the need to consider gender when designing strategies to improve recruitment into MMT<\/jats:styled-content>. [Bach P, Milloy M\u2010J, Nguyen P, Koehn J, Guillemi S, Kerr T, Wood E. Gender differences in access to methadone maintenance therapy in a Canadian setting.<\/jats:italic> Drug Alcohol Rev 2015;34:503\u20137]<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,4]],"date-time":"2015-03-04T09:06:59Z","timestamp":1425460019000},"page":"503-507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Gender differences in access to methadone maintenance therapy in a C<\/scp>anadian setting"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Paxton","family":"Bach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV\/AIDS St. Paul's Hospital Vancouver Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u2010J","family":"Milloy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British 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